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. 2023 Feb 2:14:1115721.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1115721. eCollection 2023.

Anticholinergic effect of resveratrol with vitamin E on scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats: Mechanistic approach to prevent inflammation

Ahmed I Foudah  1 , Sushma Devi  2 , Aftab Alam  1 , Mohammad Ayman Salkini  1 , Samir A Ross  3   4
Affiliations

Anticholinergic effect of resveratrol with vitamin E on scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats: Mechanistic approach to prevent inflammation

Ahmed I Foudah et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

The most common form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), is characterized by gradual declines in cognitive abilities and behavior. It is caused by a combination of factors, including amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, acetylcholine (ACh) loss, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Phenolic compounds have a variety of health benefits, including antioxidant activities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how resveratrol (RES) alone and in combination with vitamin E affected rats with AD using scopolamine (SCO). Animals are categorized into groups; (i) control, (ii) SCO (1 mg/kg i.p.), (iii) SCO + donepezil, (iv) SCO + RES (50 mg/kg, p.o.), (v) SCO + RES (75 mg/kg, p.o.), (vi) SCO + RES (50 mg/kg + vitamin E 1 mg/kg, p.o.) for 17 days. In rats, studied behavioural (NOR and EPM) and biochemical characteristics. In addition, brain histopathology was examined to investigate any damage to the hippocampus and neuroprotection. SCO-induced changes in acetylcholinesterase, protein carbonyl, and TNF-α improved after resveratrol treatment. RES increased antioxidant levels, decreased SCO-induced lipid peroxidation, and reversed SCO-mediated changes compared with the drug donepezil. The results indicated that RES and vitamin E had nootropic action in the NOR and EPM tests, measured by the recognition index and the inflection ratio. This study supports the efficacy of RES as a preventive and treatment agent for AD. Vitamin E showed a synergistic effect on RES, which helps in managing cognitive impairment AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; dementia; herbal therapies; neurological disorder; resveratrol; vitamin E.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Inflammation and neurophysiology from AD. During the development and progression of AD, amyloid plaques activate microglia and astrocyte cells. These activated microglia increase the expression of inflammatory mediators such as interleukins, TNF-α, cytokines, etc., and enhance neuroinflammation. Thus, decreased Aβ clearance and increased neuroinflammation are responsible for cognitive impairment in AD.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Behavioural analysis in rats (A) recognition indices in NOR for the nootropic model and; (B) inflection ratios in EPM for the nootropic model. a negative control vs. positive control; b positive control vs. treatment groups.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Behavioural analysis for NOR and EPM; (A) recognition indices in NOR for the scopolamine model; (B) inflection ratios in EPM for the scopolamine model. a negative control vs. positive control; b positive control vs. treatment groups.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Effect of treatment on AChE activity in the animals (A) encephalon; (B) hippocampus. a negative control vs. positive control; b positive control vs. treatment groups.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
(A) Effect on the level of lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus of rats; (B) Effect on the protein carbonyl level in the hippocampus of rats. a negative control vs. positive control; b positive control vs. treatment groups.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Changes in TNF-α levels after different treatments. a negative control vs. positive control; b positive control vs. treatment groups.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Effect of RES on the cortical regions of brain histology: (A) Negative control; (B) positive control; (C) standard; (D) RES 50 mg/kg; (E) RES 75 mg/kg; (F) RES 50 mg/kg + vitamin E.
SCHEME 1
SCHEME 1
Workflow diagram of the experimental procedure.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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