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. 2023 Feb 10:1-23.
doi: 10.1007/s11469-022-00999-4. Online ahead of print.

Trends of the Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Cannabis Use Disorder in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019: Results from the Disease Burden Study 2019

Heng Shao #  1   2 , Heyue Du #  3   4 , Quan Gan #  5 , Dequan Ye  6 , Zhuangfei Chen  7 , Yanqing Zhu  2   8 , Shasha Zhu  2   8 , Lang Qu  9 , Junyan Lu  10 , Yutong Li  11 , Jing Duan  12 , Yingqi Gu  12 , Meiling Chen  2   8
Affiliations

Trends of the Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Cannabis Use Disorder in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019: Results from the Disease Burden Study 2019

Heng Shao et al. Int J Ment Health Addict. .

Abstract

Cannabis is the fourth psychoactive substance to be legalized which are of far-reaching significance to the world. We analyzed data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) to estimate the incidence and prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and calculated the disease burden of CUD in 204 countries and territories and 21 regions over the past three decades. We reported disease burden due to CUD in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized rate (ASR), estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and analyzed associations between the burden of CUD and sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles. Globally, the number of incidence cases of CUD was estimated to be increasing by 32.3% from 1990 to 2019 and males are nearly double higher than that of female. DALYs increase 38.6% from 1990. Young people aged 20-24 years old with cannabis use disorder have the highest DALYs in 2019, followed by those younger than 20 years old. India, Canada, USA, Qatar, Kenya, and high SDI quintile areas showed a high burden of disease. Nearly 200 million individuals are cannabis users worldwide, and CUD is a notable condition of GBD. The global cultivation of cannabis, rooted in different cultures, diversified access to cannabis, legalization in controversy, the promotion of medical cannabis, and many other factors promote the global cannabis industry is constantly updated and upgraded. It deserves more discussion in the future in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, socioeconomics, law, and policy improvement.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-022-00999-4.

Keywords: Age-standardized rate; Cannabis use disorder; Disability-adjusted life years; Estimated annual percentage change; Global burden of disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The distribution of DALYs caused by CUD by age and gender. DALYs, Disability-Adjusted Life Years; CUD, Cannabis Use Disorder
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A The global EAPC of incidence rate. B The global EAPC of prevalence rate. C The global EAPC of DALYs rate. EAPC, Estimated Annual Percentage Change; DALYs, Disability-Adjusted Life Years
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A The age-standardized incidence rates (per 100,000 persons) trends of CUD from 1990 to 2019 at SDI quintiles level. B The age-standardized prevalence rates (per 100,000 persons) trends of CUD from 1990 to 2019 at SDI quintiles level. C The age-standardized DALY rates (per 100,000 persons) trends of CUD from 1990 to 2019 at SDI quintiles level. SDI, Sociodemographic Index; DALYs, Disability-Adjusted Life Years; CUD, Cannabis Use Disorder
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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