CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN RURAL POPULATION

Abstract

The aims of the study were to provide data on chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence in rural population and to analyze the association with cardiovascular risk factors and aging. A random sample of 2193 farmers (1333 female (F) and 860 male (M), mean age 50.61±17.12) were enrolled. Questionnaire and clinical examination were conducted. Participants provided a spot urine and fasting blood sample. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Subjects were classified according to the KDIGO guidelines. The overall prevalence of CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m²) was 8.83% (F vs. M 9.9% vs. 6.3%; p<0.001). Albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio >30 mg/g) was found in 8.45% (F vs. M p>0.05). Sharp increase in CKD prevalence was found to begin after the sixth decade (29.44% in subjects older than 65 years; F vs. M 30.9% vs. 26.8%; p<0.01). The strongest predictor factors for CKD were age >65 years (OR 22.12), hypertension (OR 6.53), albuminuria (OR 5.71), fasting blood glucose >7 mmol/L (OR 5.49), diabetes (OR 3.07), abdominal obesity (OR 2.05) and non-smoking (OR 0.41). In multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.13), female gender (OR 0.60) and diabetes (OR 1.75) were the independent predictor factors for CKD. In conclusion, CKD prevalence is high in rural population, being higher in women than in men. In both genders, eGFR significantly decreased with aging. Aging is a significant independent predictor of CKD.

Keywords: Aging; Albuminuria; Chronic kidney disease; Epidemiology; Prevalence.

Fig. 1

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m² (A) and albuminuria (B) according to age groups.