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Review
. 2023 Feb 14:18:765-779.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S394802. eCollection 2023.

An Overview of Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Sepsis-Related Liver Injury Treatment

Yi Lu #  1 , Yi Shi #  1 , Qian Wu  1 , Xin Sun  1 , Wei-Zhen Zhang  1 , Xiao-Ling Xu  2 , Wei Chen  1
Affiliations
Review

An Overview of Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Sepsis-Related Liver Injury Treatment

Yi Lu et al. Int J Nanomedicine. .

Abstract

Sepsis, which is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, has high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis-related liver injury is one of the manifestations of sepsis-induced multiple organ syndrome. To date, an increasing number of studies have shown that the hepatic inflammatory response, oxidative stress, microcirculation coagulation dysfunction, and bacterial translocation play extremely vital roles in the occurrence and development of sepsis-related liver injury. In the clinic, sepsis-related liver injury is mainly treated by routine empirical methods on the basis of the primary disease. However, these therapies have some shortcomings, such as serious side effects, short duration of drug effects and lack of specificity. The emergence of drug delivery nanosystems can significantly improve drug bioavailability and reduce toxic side effects. In this paper, we reviewed drug delivery nanosystems designed for the treatment of sepsis-related liver injury according to their mechanisms (hepatic inflammation response, oxidative stress, coagulation dysfunction in the microcirculation, and bacterial translocation). Although much promising progress has been achieved, translation into clinical practice is still difficult. To this end, we also discussed the key issues currently facing this field, including immune system rejection and single treatment modalities. Finally, with the rigorous optimization of nanotechnology and the deepening of research, drug delivery nanosystems have great potential for the treatment of sepsis-related liver injury.

Keywords: bacterial translocation; drug delivery nanosystems; inflammatory response; liver-injury; oxidative stress; sepsis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pathogenesis of sepsis-related liver injury and drug delivery nanosystems.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mechanism of DOX-hyd-BSA NPs targeting pro-inflammatory neutrophils to induce their apoptosis for the treatment of septic inflammation. (A) The therapeutic mechanism of DOX-hyd-BSA NPs; (B) The preparation route of DOX-conjugated BSA NPs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scheme for designing IME responsive and biofunctional nanoparticles (NPs) and for targeted delivery of nanotherapeutics at the site of infection. (A) The designing strategy of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antibodies-modified multifunctional NPs; (B) The prepared NPs showed a preferential accumulation at a site of infection by interaction with intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Preparation and efficacy assessment of PEG-HNPs for sepsis treatment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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