Macromolecular organic matter in samples of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Hikaru Yabuta¹, George D Cody², Cécile Engrand³, Yoko Kebukawa⁴, Bradley De Gregorio⁵, Lydie Bonal⁶, Laurent Remusat⁷, Rhonda Stroud⁵, Eric Quirico⁶, Larry Nittler², Minako Hashiguchi⁸, Mutsumi Komatsu^{9

10}, Taiga Okumura¹¹, Jérémie Mathurin¹², Emmanuel Dartois¹³, Jean Duprat⁷, Yoshio Takahashi^{11

14}, Yasuo Takeichi¹⁴, David Kilcoyne¹⁵, Shohei Yamashita¹⁴, Alexandre Dazzi¹², Ariane Deniset-Besseau¹², Scott Sandford¹⁶, Zita Martins¹⁷, Yusuke Tamenori¹⁸, Takuji Ohigashi¹⁹, Hiroki Suga¹⁸, Daisuke Wakabayashi¹⁴, Maximilien Verdier-Paoletti⁷, Smail Mostefaoui⁷, Gilles Montagnac²⁰, Jens Barosch², Kanami Kamide¹, Miho Shigenaka¹, Laure Bejach³, Megumi Matsumoto²¹, Yuma Enokido²¹, Takaaki Noguchi²², Hisayoshi Yurimoto²³, Tomoki Nakamura²¹, Ryuji Okazaki²⁴, Hiroshi Naraoka²⁴, Kanako Sakamoto²⁵, Harold C Connolly Jr²⁶, Dante S Lauretta²⁷, Masanao Abe^{25

28}, Tatsuaki Okada^{25

29}, Toru Yada²⁵, Masahiro Nishimura²⁵, Kasumi Yogata²⁵, Aiko Nakato²⁵, Miwa Yoshitake²⁵, Ayako Iwamae³⁰, Shizuho Furuya¹¹, Kentaro Hatakeda³⁰, Akiko Miyazaki²⁵, Hiromichi Soejima³⁰, Yuya Hitomi³⁰, Kazuya Kumagai³⁰, Tomohiro Usui²⁵, Tasuku Hayashi²⁵, Daiki Yamamoto²⁵, Ryota Fukai²⁵, Seiji Sugita^{11

31}, Kohei Kitazato³², Naru Hirata³², Rie Honda³³, Tomokatsu Morota¹¹, Eri Tatsumi³⁴, Naoya Sakatani³⁵, Noriyuki Namiki^{28

36}, Koji Matsumoto^{28

36}, Rina Noguchi³⁷, Koji Wada³¹, Hiroki Senshu³¹, Kazunori Ogawa³⁸, Yasuhiro Yokota²⁵, Yoshiaki Ishihara³⁸, Yuri Shimaki²⁵, Manabu Yamada³¹, Chikatoshi Honda³², Tatsuhiro Michikami³⁹, Moe Matsuoka⁴⁰, Naoyuki Hirata⁴¹, Masahiko Arakawa⁴¹, Chisato Okamoto⁴¹, Masateru Ishiguro⁴², Ralf Jaumann⁴³, Jean-Pierre Bibring⁴⁴, Matthias Grott⁴⁵, Stefan Schröder⁴⁶, Katharina Otto^{1

45}, Cedric Pilorget^{44

47}, Nicole Schmitz⁴⁵, Jens Biele⁴⁸, Tra-Mi Ho⁴⁹, Aurélie Moussi-Soffys⁵⁰, Akira Miura²⁵, Hirotomo Noda^{28

36}, Tetsuya Yamada²⁵, Keisuke Yoshihara²⁵, Kosuke Kawahara²⁵, Hitoshi Ikeda²⁵, Yukio Yamamoto²⁵, Kei Shirai⁴¹, Shota Kikuchi^{31

36}, Naoko Ogawa²⁵, Hiroshi Takeuchi^{25

28}, Go Ono⁵¹, Yuya Mimasu²⁵, Kent Yoshikawa⁵¹, Yuto Takei²⁵, Atsushi Fujii²⁵, Yu-Ichi Iijima²⁵, Satoru Nakazawa²⁵, Satoshi Hosoda²⁵, Takahiro Iwata^{25

28}, Masahiko Hayakawa²⁵, Hirotaka Sawada³⁸, Hajime Yano^{25

28}, Ryudo Tsukizaki²⁵, Masanobu Ozaki^{25

28}, Fuyuto Terui⁵², Satoshi Tanaka^{25

28}, Masaki Fujimoto²⁵, Makoto Yoshikawa^{25

28}, Takanao Saiki²⁵, Shogo Tachibana^{11

25}, Sei-Ichiro Watanabe⁸, Yuichi Tsuda²⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
² Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
³ Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.
⁴ Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
⁵ Materials Science and Technology Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
⁶ Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
⁷ Institut de Mineralogie, Physique des Materiaux et Cosmochimie, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 75231 Paris, France.
⁸ Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
⁹ Center for University-Wide Education, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama 343-8540, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Earth Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.
¹¹ Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
¹² Institut Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.
¹³ Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.
¹⁴ Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan.
¹⁵ Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
¹⁶ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
¹⁷ Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.
¹⁸ Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
¹⁹ Institute for Molecular Science, UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
²⁰ École normale supérieure de Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69342 Lyon, France.
²¹ Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
²² Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
²³ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
²⁴ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
²⁵ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
²⁶ Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
²⁷ Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
²⁸ School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.
²⁹ Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
³⁰ Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.
³¹ Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.
³² Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan.
³³ Center of Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
³⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife E-38205, Spain.
³⁵ Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
³⁶ Research of Interior Structure and Evolution of Solar System Bodies, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.
³⁷ Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
³⁸ JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
³⁹ Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan.
⁴⁰ Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan.
⁴¹ Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
⁴² Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
⁴³ Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Berlin 12249, Germany.
⁴⁴ Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.
⁴⁵ Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, Berlin 12489, Germany.
⁴⁶ Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 98128 Kiruna, Sweden.
⁴⁷ Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France.
⁴⁸ Microgravity User Support Centre, German Aerospace Center, Cologne 53147, Germany.
⁴⁹ Institute of Space Systems, German Aerospace Center, Bremen 28359, Germany.
⁵⁰ Centre National d'Études Spatiales, 31401 Toulouse, France.
⁵¹ Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
⁵² Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.

PMID: 36821663
DOI: 10.1126/science.abn9057

Macromolecular organic matter in samples of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Hikaru Yabuta et al. Science. 2023.

. 2023 Feb 24;379(6634):eabn9057.

doi: 10.1126/science.abn9057. Epub 2023 Feb 24.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
² Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
³ Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.
⁴ Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
⁵ Materials Science and Technology Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
⁶ Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
⁷ Institut de Mineralogie, Physique des Materiaux et Cosmochimie, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 75231 Paris, France.
⁸ Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
⁹ Center for University-Wide Education, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama 343-8540, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Earth Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.
¹¹ Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
¹² Institut Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.
¹³ Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.
¹⁴ Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan.
¹⁵ Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
¹⁶ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
¹⁷ Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.
¹⁸ Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
¹⁹ Institute for Molecular Science, UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
²⁰ École normale supérieure de Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69342 Lyon, France.
²¹ Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
²² Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
²³ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
²⁴ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
²⁵ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
²⁶ Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
²⁷ Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
²⁸ School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.
²⁹ Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
³⁰ Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.
³¹ Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.
³² Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan.
³³ Center of Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
³⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife E-38205, Spain.
³⁵ Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
³⁶ Research of Interior Structure and Evolution of Solar System Bodies, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.
³⁷ Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
³⁸ JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
³⁹ Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan.
⁴⁰ Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan.
⁴¹ Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
⁴² Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
⁴³ Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Berlin 12249, Germany.
⁴⁴ Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91405 Orsay, France.
⁴⁵ Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, Berlin 12489, Germany.
⁴⁶ Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 98128 Kiruna, Sweden.
⁴⁷ Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France.
⁴⁸ Microgravity User Support Centre, German Aerospace Center, Cologne 53147, Germany.
⁴⁹ Institute of Space Systems, German Aerospace Center, Bremen 28359, Germany.
⁵⁰ Centre National d'Études Spatiales, 31401 Toulouse, France.
⁵¹ Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
⁵² Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.

PMID: 36821663
DOI: 10.1126/science.abn9057

Abstract

Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu were collected and brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We investigated the macromolecular organic matter in Ryugu samples and found that it contains aromatic and aliphatic carbon, ketone, and carboxyl functional groups. The spectroscopic features of the organic matter are consistent with those in chemically primitive carbonaceous chondrite meteorites that experienced parent-body aqueous alteration (reactions with liquid water). The morphology of the organic carbon includes nanoglobules and diffuse carbon associated with phyllosilicate and carbonate minerals. Deuterium and/or nitrogen-15 enrichments indicate that the organic matter formed in a cold molecular cloud or the presolar nebula. The diversity of the organic matter indicates variable levels of aqueous alteration on Ryugu's parent body.

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Macromolecular organic matter in samples of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Affiliations

Macromolecular organic matter in samples of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract