Soluble organic molecules in samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Hiroshi Naraoka¹, Yoshinori Takano², Jason P Dworkin³, Yasuhiro Oba⁴, Kenji Hamase⁵, Aogu Furusho⁵, Nanako O Ogawa², Minako Hashiguchi⁶, Kazuhiko Fukushima⁷, Dan Aoki⁷, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin^{8

9

10}, José C Aponte³, Eric T Parker³, Daniel P Glavin³, Hannah L McLain^{3

11

12}, Jamie E Elsila³, Heather V Graham³, John M Eiler¹³, Francois-Regis Orthous-Daunay¹⁴, Cédric Wolters¹⁴, Junko Isa^{15

16}, Véronique Vuitton¹⁴, Roland Thissen¹⁷, Saburo Sakai², Toshihiro Yoshimura², Toshiki Koga², Naohiko Ohkouchi², Yoshito Chikaraishi⁴, Haruna Sugahara¹⁸, Hajime Mita¹⁹, Yoshihiro Furukawa²⁰, Norbert Hertkorn⁸, Alexander Ruf^{21

22

23}, Hisayoshi Yurimoto²⁴, Tomoki Nakamura²⁰, Takaaki Noguchi²⁵, Ryuji Okazaki¹, Hikaru Yabuta²⁶, Kanako Sakamoto¹⁸, Shogo Tachibana^{18

27}, Harold C Connolly Jr²⁸, Dante S Lauretta²⁹, Masanao Abe^{18

30}, Toru Yada¹⁸, Masahiro Nishimura¹⁸, Kasumi Yogata¹⁸, Aiko Nakato¹⁸, Miwa Yoshitake¹⁸, Ayako Suzuki³¹, Akiko Miyazaki¹⁸, Shizuho Furuya²⁷, Kentaro Hatakeda³¹, Hiromichi Soejima³¹, Yuya Hitomi³¹, Kazuya Kumagai³¹, Tomohiro Usui¹⁸, Tasuku Hayashi¹⁸, Daiki Yamamoto¹⁸, Ryota Fukai¹⁸, Kohei Kitazato³², Seiji Sugita^{16

27}, Noriyuki Namiki^{30

33}, Masahiko Arakawa³⁴, Hitoshi Ikeda¹⁸, Masateru Ishiguro³⁵, Naru Hirata³¹, Koji Wada¹⁶, Yoshiaki Ishihara³⁶, Rina Noguchi³⁷, Tomokatsu Morota²⁷, Naoya Sakatani³⁸, Koji Matsumoto^{30

33}, Hiroki Senshu¹⁶, Rie Honda³⁹, Eri Tatsumi⁴⁰, Yasuhiro Yokota¹⁸, Chikatoshi Honda³², Tatsuhiro Michikami⁴⁰, Moe Matsuoka¹⁸, Akira Miura¹⁸, Hirotomo Noda^{30

33}, Tetsuya Yamada¹⁸, Keisuke Yoshihara¹⁸, Kosuke Kawahara¹⁸, Masanobu Ozaki^{18

30}, Yu-Ichi Iijima¹⁸, Hajime Yano^{18

30}, Masahiko Hayakawa¹⁸, Takahiro Iwata¹⁸, Ryudo Tsukizaki¹⁸, Hirotaka Sawada¹⁸, Satoshi Hosoda¹⁸, Kazunori Ogawa⁴¹, Chisato Okamoto³⁴, Naoyuki Hirata³³, Kei Shirai³³, Yuri Shimaki¹⁸, Manabu Yamada¹⁶, Tatsuaki Okada^{18

42}, Yukio Yamamoto^{18

30}, Hiroshi Takeuchi^{18

30}, Atsushi Fujii¹⁸, Yuto Takei¹⁸, Kento Yoshikawa³⁶, Yuya Mimasu¹⁸, Go Ono³⁶, Naoko Ogawa¹⁸, Shota Kikuchi^{16

33}, Satoru Nakazawa¹⁸, Fuyuto Terui⁴³, Satoshi Tanaka^{18

30}, Takanao Saiki¹⁸, Makoto Yoshikawa^{18

30}, Sei-Ichiro Watanabe⁶, Yuichi Tsuda¹⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
² Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
³ Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
⁴ Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0189, Japan.
⁵ Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
⁶ Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
⁷ Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
⁸ Helmholtz Munich, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
⁹ Technische Universität München, Analytische Lebensmittel Chemie, 85354 Freising, Germany.
¹⁰ Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
¹¹ Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
¹² Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
¹³ Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
¹⁴ Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, L'Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France.
¹⁵ Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
¹⁶ Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.
¹⁷ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France.
¹⁸ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
¹⁹ Department of Life, Environment and Material Science, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan.
²⁰ Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
²¹ Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, 13397 Marseille, France.
²² Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
²³ Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, 85748 Garching, Germany.
²⁴ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
²⁵ Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
²⁶ Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
²⁷ Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
²⁸ Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
²⁹ Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
³⁰ School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.
³¹ Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.
³² Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan.
³³ Research of Interior Structure and Evolution of Solar System Bodies, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.
³⁴ Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
³⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
³⁶ Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
³⁷ Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
³⁸ Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
³⁹ Center of Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
⁴⁰ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife E-38205, Spain.
⁴¹ JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
⁴² Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
⁴³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.

PMID: 36821691
DOI: 10.1126/science.abn9033

Soluble organic molecules in samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Hiroshi Naraoka et al. Science. 2023.

. 2023 Feb 24;379(6634):eabn9033.

doi: 10.1126/science.abn9033. Epub 2023 Feb 24.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
² Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
³ Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
⁴ Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0189, Japan.
⁵ Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
⁶ Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
⁷ Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
⁸ Helmholtz Munich, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
⁹ Technische Universität München, Analytische Lebensmittel Chemie, 85354 Freising, Germany.
¹⁰ Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
¹¹ Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
¹² Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
¹³ Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
¹⁴ Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, L'Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France.
¹⁵ Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
¹⁶ Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.
¹⁷ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France.
¹⁸ Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
¹⁹ Department of Life, Environment and Material Science, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan.
²⁰ Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
²¹ Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, 13397 Marseille, France.
²² Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
²³ Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, 85748 Garching, Germany.
²⁴ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
²⁵ Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
²⁶ Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
²⁷ Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
²⁸ Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
²⁹ Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
³⁰ School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.
³¹ Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.
³² Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan.
³³ Research of Interior Structure and Evolution of Solar System Bodies, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.
³⁴ Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
³⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
³⁶ Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
³⁷ Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
³⁸ Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
³⁹ Center of Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
⁴⁰ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife E-38205, Spain.
⁴¹ JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
⁴² Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
⁴³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.

PMID: 36821691
DOI: 10.1126/science.abn9033

Abstract

The Hayabusa2 spacecraft collected samples from the surface of the carbonaceous near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu and brought them to Earth. The samples were expected to contain organic molecules, which record processes that occurred in the early Solar System. We analyzed organic molecules extracted from the Ryugu surface samples. We identified a variety of molecules containing the atoms CHNOS, formed by methylation, hydration, hydroxylation, and sulfurization reactions. Amino acids, aliphatic amines, carboxylic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds were detected, which had properties consistent with an abiotic origin. These compounds likely arose from an aqueous reaction on Ryugu's parent body and are similar to the organics in Ivuna-type meteorites. These molecules can survive on the surfaces of asteroids and be transported throughout the Solar System.

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Soluble organic molecules in samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Affiliations

Soluble organic molecules in samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

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