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. 2023 Feb 21;13(9):6171-6180.
doi: 10.1039/d2ra07795g. eCollection 2023 Feb 14.

Morphological, cytotoxicity, and coagulation assessments of perlite as a new hemostatic biomaterial

Esmaeil Biazar  1 , Saeid Heidari Keshel  2   3 , Vahid Niazi  4   5 , Nader Vazifeh Shiran  6 , Roxana Saljooghi  1 , Mina Jarrahi  1 , Ahmad Mehdipour Arbastan  7
Affiliations

Morphological, cytotoxicity, and coagulation assessments of perlite as a new hemostatic biomaterial

Esmaeil Biazar et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

Hemorrhage control is vital for clinical outcomes after surgical treatment and pre-hospital trauma injuries. Numerous biomaterials have been investigated to control surgical and traumatic bleeding. In this study, for the first time, perlite was introduced as an aluminosilicate biomaterial and compared with other ceramics such as kaolin and bentonite in terms of morphology, cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and hemostatic evaluations. Cellular studies showed that perlite has excellent viability, good cell adhesion, and high anti-mutagenicity. Coagulation results demonstrated that the shortest clotting time (140 seconds with a concentration of 50 mg mL-1) was obtained for perlite samples compared to other samples. Therefore, perlite seems most efficient as a biocompatible ceramic for hemorrhage control and other biomaterial designs.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Schematic image of the process of preparing microparticles.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Microscopic images from powders: (A) Perlite, (B) Kaolin, and (C) Bentonite (mag.: 2500×).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Cell studies. (A) MTT results of samples with fibroblast cells at different times (p < 0.01). (B) Light microscopic images of fibroblast cells cultured on samples, (i) Control (TCPS), (ii) Perlite, (iii) Kaolin, and (iv) Bentonite. (C) SEM images from cells cultured on samples. (a) Control (TCPS), (b) Perlite, (c) Kaolin, and (d) Bentonite.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Ames test of samples: the results of returned colonies (A) distilled water (negative control) (I), Perlite (II), Pentonite (III), Positive control (IV), and Paolin (V). (B) Anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer effect of powders against sodium azide (positive control) (p < 0.01). These results were obtained using one-way ANOVA method with P < 0.01.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. (A) Solubility of powders in water, (i) Perlite, (ii) Kaolin, and (iii) Bentonite. (B) Schematic image of measurement method of clotting time. (C) Clotting times of powders in different concentrations (p < 0.05, p < 0.01).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Calcium (A) and phosphorous (B) and LDH (C) concentrations of blood in the presence of different hemostatic agents (p < 0.01).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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