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. 2023 Feb 2;9(2):124.
doi: 10.3390/gels9020124.

Xylan-Porphyrin Hydrogels as Light-Triggered Gram-Positive Antibacterial Agents

Abdechakour Elkihel  1 , Charlotte Vernisse  1 , Tan-Sothéa Ouk  1 , Romain Lucas-Roper  2 , Vincent Chaleix  1 , Vincent Sol  1
Affiliations

Xylan-Porphyrin Hydrogels as Light-Triggered Gram-Positive Antibacterial Agents

Abdechakour Elkihel et al. Gels. .

Abstract

In the present work, we report on the synthesis of light-triggered antibacterial hydrogels, based on xylan chains covalently bound to meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP). Not only does TCPP act as a photosensitizer efficient against Gram-positive bacteria, but it also serves as a cross-linking gelator, enabling the simple and easy building of xylan conjugate hydrogels. The hydrogels were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), along with swelling and rheological tests. The antimicrobial activity of the hydrogels was tested under visible light irradiation against two Gram-positive bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The preliminary results showed an interesting activity on these bacteria, indicating that these hydrogels could be of great potential in the treatment of skin bacterial infections with this species by photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT).

Keywords: Gram-positive bacteria; hydrogel; photodynamic antimicrobial therapy; photosensitizers; porphyrins; xylan.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Synthesis of hydrogels by cross-linking xylan with TCPP.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) xyl-TCPP-1 swollen in water directly after reaction; (b) xyl-TCPP-1 after lyophilization; (c) xyl-TCPP-1 after 48 h; and (d) after 15 days of swelling in water.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FTIR spectra of native xylan, xyl-TCPP1, xyl-TCPP-2, and xyl-TCPP-3.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a): freeze-dried xyl-TCPP-1, xyl-TCPP-2, and xyl-TCPP-3, left, before swelling and right, after 72 h immersion in water; (b): time course of swelling ratios of xyl-TCPP-1, xyl-TCPP-2, and xyl-TCPP-3 in distilled water.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Time course of swelling ratios of xyl-TCPP-1, xyl-TCPP-2, and xyl-TCPP-3 in PBS.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM images of cross sections of lyophilized xyl- TCPP-3.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Rheological properties of xyl-TCPP-3: viscosity (h) of xyl-TCPP-3 as a function of shear rate (a), storage modulus (G′), and loss modulus (G″) of xyl-TCPP-3 as a function of angular frequency (b).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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