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. 2023 Jan 31;14(2):80.
doi: 10.3390/jfb14020080.

Thermal Behavior of Graphene Oxide Deposited on 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid for Photothermal Therapy: An Experimental-Numerical Analysis

Jesús Vence  1 , Christian Gil  1 , Laura González-Rodríguez  1 , Miriam López-Álvarez  1
Affiliations

Thermal Behavior of Graphene Oxide Deposited on 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid for Photothermal Therapy: An Experimental-Numerical Analysis

Jesús Vence et al. J Funct Biomater. .

Abstract

The present work evaluates the thermal behavior of graphene oxide (GO) when deposited on 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA), in order to develop a medical device for photothermal therapy applications. An experimental-numerical analysis was performed to assess the photothermal conversion capacity, based on the power emitted by a NIR (785 nm) laser, and the subsequent temperature distribution on the GO-PLA material. The influence of the deposited mass of GO and the PLA thickness was studied through 40 different scenarios. The results estimated a value of photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 32.6%, achieved for the lower laser power density that was tested (0.335 mW/mm²), and a high mass value of deposited GO (1.024 × 10-3 mg/mm²). In fact, an optimal mass of GO in the range of 1.024-2.048 × 10-3 mg/mm2 is proposed, in terms of absorption capacity, since a higher mass of GO would not increase the conversion efficiency. Moreover, the study allowed for an estimation of the thermal conductivity of this specific biomaterial (0.064 W/m·K), and proved that a proper combination of GO mass, PLA thickness, and laser power can induce ablative (>60 °C, in a concentrated area), moderate (50 °C), and mild (43 °C) hyperthermia on the bottom face of the biomaterial.

Keywords: PLA; graphene; laser; phototherapy; simulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The 3D-printed PLA discs, which are 2.85 mm thick, are drop-coated with 0.00 mg of GO (a), with 0.10 mg of GO (b); 3D-printed PLA discs of 2.20 mm thick (c), and 5.60 mm thick (d), are drop-coated with 0.10 mg of GO.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fourier Transform (FT)Raman spectra in both faces of the GO-PLA discs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Descriptive graphic of the experimental setup using a diode NIR laser and two thermographic cameras.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Flowchart of the experimental procedure.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Temporal evolution of the average temperature on the upper surface of the probe.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Description of the numerical process to ascertain the thermal conductivity of the probe based on the experimental results.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Graph of the obtained value of thermal conductivity vs. the difference in the average temperature between the upper and lower surfaces of the probe for all the experimental points.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Graph of the total absorbed power (left axis) and the percentage of absorbed power with respect to the total emitted power (right axis) vs the NIR laser emitted power (horizontal axis).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Graph of the profile of the temperature at the bottom surface of the probe for the different values of the mass of GO and laser power. The percentage values represent the percentage of the area of the surface that is above each level of hyperthermia (dotted horizontal lines).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Graph of the average temperature on the bottom surface of the probe, depending on the probe thickness and the emitted laser power.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Graph of the profile for temperature on the bottom surface of the probe for the different values of probe thickness and laser power. Percentage values represent the percentage of the area of the surface that was above each level of hyperthermia (dotted horizontal lines).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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