Antimicrobial Effects of Tetraspanin CD9 Peptide against Microbiota Causing Armpit Malodour

Abstract

Synthetic peptides, including tetraspanin CD9 peptides, are increasingly coming into focus as new treatment strategies against various organisms, including bacteria, that cause underarm odour. The use of deodorants and antiperspirants is associated with side effects. Therefore, it is critical to find an alternative therapeutic approach to combat underarm odour. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of tetraspanin CD9 peptides against the skin microbiota that cause malodour in the underarms. The antimicrobial activity of CD9 peptides against Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), and Corynebacterium xerosis (C. xerosis) was investigated by the disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth microdilution assays using CD9 peptide concentrations ranging from 1 mg/mL to 0.0078 mg/mL. In addition, the anti-biofilm activity of the CD9 peptides was determined. The CD9 peptides showed different antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 7.67, 9.67, 7.00, and 6.00 mm for S. epidermidis, M. luteus, C. xerosis, and B. subtilis, respectively. All bacteria had the same MBC value of 1 mg/mL. A high MIC of CD9 peptides was observed for S. epidermidis and M. luteus at 0.5 mg/mL. The MIC values of B. subtilis and C. xerosis were 0.125 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. CD9 peptides significantly inhibited biofilm development of S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, and C. xerosis isolates. The CD9 tetraspanin peptide has excellent antibacterial activity against bacteria that cause underarm odour. Therefore, the CD9 tetraspanin peptide is a promising alternative to deodorants and antiperspirants to combat commensal bacteria of the skin that cause underarm odour.

Keywords: CD9; anti-biofilm; antibacterial; synthetic peptides; tetraspanin.

Figure 1

Inhibitory effects of CD9 tetraspanin peptide on armpit bacterial flora. VA: Vancomycin, P: CD9 Peptide.

Figure 2

MBC of CD9 tetraspanin peptide against M. luteus on blood agar.

Figure 3

Inhibition of bacterial biofilm by CD9 tetraspanin peptide against axillary microbiota. BS: B. subtilis, ML: M. luteus, SE: S. epidermidis, CX: C. xerosis, LB: Luria-Bertani Broth, GAA: 30% Glacial acetic acid.

Figure 4

Bar graphs show inhibition of axillary microbiota biofilm by CD9 tetraspanin peptides against axillary microbiota.