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Review
. 2023 Jan 18;11(2):246.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11020246.

Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Agonists on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hongfei Zhong  1 , Rulin Geng  1 , Yu Zhang  1 , Jingwen Ding  1 , Miao Liu  1 , Shengfeng Deng  1 , Qiuyun Tu  1
Affiliations
Review

Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Agonists on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hongfei Zhong et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to be a risk factor for dementia, especially in the elderly population, and close associations between diabetes and Alzheimer disease (AD) have been determined. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) agonists are insulin-sensitising drugs. In addition to their anti-diabetic properties, their effectiveness in preventing and decreasing cognitive impairment are the most recent characteristics that have been studied. For this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to critically analyse and evaluate the existing data on the effects of PPAR-γ agonist therapy on the cognitive status of patients. For this purpose, we first analysed both early intervention and later treatment with PPAR-γ agonists, according to the disease status. The involved studies indicated that early PPAR-γ agonist intervention is beneficial for patients and that high-dose PPAR-γ therapy may have a better clinical effect, especially in reversing the effects of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the efficacy of pioglitazone (PIO) seems to be promising, particularly for patients with comorbid diabetes. PIO presented a better clinical curative effect and safety, compared with rosiglitazone (RSG). Thus, PPAR-γ agonists play an important role in the inflammatory response of AD or DM patients, and clinical therapeutics should focus more on relevant metabolic indices.

Keywords: Alzheimer disease; PPAR-γ agonists; cognitive function; dementia; diabetes mellitus; meta-analysis; mild cognitive impairment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the meta-analysis study selection process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dementia risk under PPAR-γ agonist treatment in DM patients (sub-group: Figure 2A drug, Figure 2B drug dose) [29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Dementia risk under PPAR-γ agonist treatment in DM patients (sub-group: age) [29,30,31,33,34,35,36].
Figure 4
Figure 4
PPAR-γ agonist treatment plays an important role in disease progression (early intervention and later treatment).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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