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Review
. 2023 Feb 7;15(4):1063.
doi: 10.3390/cancers15041063.

FDG-PET/CT in the Monitoring of Lymphoma Immunotherapy Response: Current Status and Future Prospects

Akram Al-Ibraheem  1   2 , Ahmed Saad Abdlkadir  1 , Malik E Juweid  2 , Kamal Al-Rabi  3 , Mohammad Ma'koseh  3 , Hikmat Abdel-Razeq  4   5 , Asem Mansour  6
Affiliations
Review

FDG-PET/CT in the Monitoring of Lymphoma Immunotherapy Response: Current Status and Future Prospects

Akram Al-Ibraheem et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy has been extensively investigated in lymphoma over the last three decades. This new treatment modality is now established as a way to manage and maintain several stages and subtypes of lymphoma. The establishment of this novel therapy has necessitated the development of new imaging response criteria to evaluate and follow up with cancer patients. Several FDG PET/CT-based response criteria have emerged to address and encompass the various most commonly observed response patterns. Many of the proposed response criteria are currently being used to evaluate and predict responses. The purpose of this review is to address the efficacy and side effects of cancer immunotherapy and to correlate this with the proposed criteria and relevant patterns of FDG PET/CT in lymphoma immunotherapy as applicable. The latest updates and future prospects in lymphoma immunotherapy, as well as PET/CT potentials, will be discussed.

Keywords: FDG PET/CT 3; immuno-PET 6; immunotherapy 1; immunotherapy in lymphoma 2; lymphoma immunotherapy response criteria 5; metabolic PET parameters 4.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Timeline Depicting the shift of focus in cancer immunotherapy over the last three decades in favor of lymphoma.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Graphical presentation of different response patterns achieved after lymphoma immunotherapy administration.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Serial Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) images of an HL patient demonstrating pseudoprogression pattern during the interim period.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A fish bone diagram demonstrating the difference between pseudoprogression and hyperprogression.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic showing clinical, histopathological, and imaging differences between pseudo-progression and hyperprogression.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Serial Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) images of an HL patient demonstrating a hyperprogression pattern.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Graphical presentation of proposed abscopal effect mechanism.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Clinical examples of Immunotherapy-Related Adverse Effects observed during FDG PET/CT imaging in lymphoma patients receiving immunotherapy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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