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. 2023 Feb 15;15(4):1228.
doi: 10.3390/cancers15041228.

Kisspeptin and GPR54 Receptor Expression in Endometrial Cancer Tissue

Marek Gowkielewicz  1 , Aleksandra Lipka  1 , Aleksandra Piotrowska  2 , Marta Szadurska-Noga  3 , Jacek J Nowakowski  4 , Ewa Lepiarczyk  5 , Marta Wiszpolska  5 , Tomasz Waśniewski  1 , Piotr Dzięgiel  2   6 , Jerzy Kaleczyc  7 , Mariusz Krzysztof Majewski  5 , Marta Majewska  5
Affiliations

Kisspeptin and GPR54 Receptor Expression in Endometrial Cancer Tissue

Marek Gowkielewicz et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Kisspeptin (KISS) is a natural peptide-discovered in 1996 as a factor inhibiting the ability to metastasize in malignant melanoma. This protein plays also a regulatory role in the process of puberty, the menstrual cycle, spermatogenesis, implantation and development of the human placenta. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of KISS and its receptor GPR54 in endometrial cancer (EC) tissue, depending on the histological type of cancer, its stage, various demographic characteristics, and clinical conditions in 214 hysterectomy patients. Expression of KISS and GPR54 was confirmed in 99.5% and 100% of the cases, respectively. Hormone replacement therapy and the coexistence of the anti-Müllerian type 2 receptor in cancer tissue enhanced KISS expression. Smoking, on the other hand, decreased KISS expression. GPR54 expression increased with the advancement of the disease (according to FIGO classification). Also, the presence of the anti-Müllerian type 2 receptor in EC increased the level of GPR54. Hypertension, age and miscarriage harmed the presence of GPR54. The histological type of cancer, diabetes type 2, body mass index, hormonal contraception, number of deliveries, birth weight of newborns, breastfeeding time, and the presence of AMH in EC tissue were not associated with the expression of either KISS nor GPR54. The KISS level was also significantly related to the GPR54 level. Considering that KISS is a non-toxic peptide with antimetastatic properties, further investigation is essential to determine the clinical significance of this peptide.

Keywords: AMH; AMHRII; GPR54; KISS; endometrial cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A representative example (200× magnification) of the weak (A), moderate (B), and strong (C,D) KISS immunohistochemistry (IHC) reaction within endometrioid adenocarcinoma G1 (D), G2 (A,B) and G3 (C) grade.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A representative example (200× magnification) of the weak (A), moderate (B,C) and strong (D) GPR54 immunohistochemistry (IHC) reaction within endometrioid adenocarcinoma G1 (B), G2 (C,D) and G3 (A) grade.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationship between expression of GPR54 and KISS protein.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mean expression of the KISS protein (A,C) and GPR54 (B,D) in different stages of cancer according to FIGO (A,B) and histopathological types of cancer (C,D). Abbreviations: G1—endometrioid adenocarcinoma G1; G2—endometrioid adenocarcinoma G2; G3—endometrioid adenocarcinoma G3; SA—serous adenocarcinoma; CCA—clear cell adenocarcinoma; MA—mixed adenocarcinoma.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Relationship between age (A,B) and BMI (C,D) of patients and expression of the KISS protein (A,C) and GPR54 (B,D).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mean expression of KISS protein (A,C) and GPR54 (B,D) due to the number of births (A,B) and miscarriages (C,D).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Relationship between average newborn weight (A,B) and average duration of breastfeeding and expression of KISS protein (A,C) and GPR54 (B,D).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Expression of the KISS protein (A,C) and GPR54 (B,D) connected to diagnosed hypertension and normal blood pressure (A,B), and regarding the group of smokers and non-smokers (C,D).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Expression of KISS protein (A,C) and GPR54 (B,D) with regard to AMH (A,B) and AMHRII expression (C,D).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Mean expression of KISS protein (A,C) and GPR54 (B,D) in terms of use of hormonal contraception (A,B) and hormonal replacement therapy (C,D).
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