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. 2023 Feb 9;13(2):250.
doi: 10.3390/bios13020250.

Single Printing Step Prussian Blue Bulk-Modified Transducers for Oxidase-Based Biosensors

Darya Vokhmyanina  1 , Elena Daboss  1 , Olesya Sharapova  1 , Mariia Mogilnikova  1 , Arkady Karyakin  1
Affiliations

Single Printing Step Prussian Blue Bulk-Modified Transducers for Oxidase-Based Biosensors

Darya Vokhmyanina et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

We report on hydrogen peroxide sensors made through a single printing step with carbon ink containing catalytically synthesized Prussian blue nanoparticles. Despite their reduced sensitivity, the resulting bulk-modified sensors displayed both a wider linear calibration range (5 × 10-7-1 × 10-3 M) and an approximately four times lower detection limit versus the surface-modified sensors due to the dramatically decreased noise resulting in, on average, a six times higher signal-to-noise ratio. The corresponding glucose and lactate biosensors demonstrated similar and even higher sensitivities compared to those of biosensors based on surface-modified transducers. The biosensors have been validated through analysis of human serum. The decreased time and cost for production of single printing step bulk-modified transducers, as well as their analytical performance characteristics, which are advantageous over conventional surface-modified ones, would be expected to enable their wide use in (bio)sensorics.

Keywords: Prussian blue nanoparticles; biosensors; glucose; hydrogen peroxide; lactate; screen-printed electrodes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The example of hydrodynamic size distribution obtained by dynamic light scattering and fit to the log-normal distribution for Prussian Blue nanoparticles with the average diameter of 35 nm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra of a PB nanoparticle-modified carbon screen-printed electrode (Prussian blue content 2.15 mg/g).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) The background and noise level for surface-modified blank electrodes (black line) and electrodes with printed Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNP) (red line and inset); (b) signal-to-noise ratio dependance on Prussian blue nanoparticle concentration in carbon/graphite paste.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) The calibration curve for the printed hydrogen peroxide sensor with 2.15 mg/g of PBNPs in carbon/graphite ink; (b) sensitivity dependance on Prussian blue nanoparticle concentration in carbon/graphite ink.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The construction scheme and functioning of the biosensor system made through the single printing step of carbon ink containing PBNPs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Sensitivity dependance on Prussian blue nanoparticle concentration in carbon/graphite ink for (a) glucose and (b) lactate biosensors based on printed hydrogen peroxide sensors.
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