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Review
. 2023 Jan 25;14(2):314.
doi: 10.3390/genes14020314.

miRNAs: The Road from Bench to Bedside

Giuseppe Iacomino  1
Affiliations
Review

miRNAs: The Road from Bench to Bedside

Giuseppe Iacomino. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. It has been recognised that miRNA dysregulation reflects the state and function of cells and tissues, contributing to their dysfunction. The identification of hundreds of extracellular miRNAs in biological fluids has underscored their potential in the field of biomarker research. In addition, the therapeutic potential of miRNAs is receiving increasing attention in numerous conditions. On the other hand, many operative problems including stability, delivery systems, and bioavailability, still need to be solved. In this dynamic field, biopharmaceutical companies are increasingly engaged, and ongoing clinical trials point to anti-miR and miR-mimic molecules as an innovative class of molecules for upcoming therapeutic applications. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on several pending issues and new opportunities offered by miRNAs in the treatment of diseases and as early diagnostic tools in next-generation medicine.

Keywords: RNA-based therapeutic; circulating miRNA; miRNA; personalized medicine; theranostic biomarkers; translational medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical changes of oligonucleotides used in main clinical trials.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Examples of nanocarriers as drug-delivery systems.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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