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. 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2926.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042926.

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Burden and Its Attributable Risk Factors in China: Estimates and Forecasts from 1990 to 2050

Ruhao Zhang  1 , Yifei He  1 , Bincai Wei  1 , Yongbo Lu  2 , Jingya Zhang  2 , Ning Zhang  2 , Rongxin He  3 , Hao Xue  4 , Bin Zhu  1
Affiliations

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Burden and Its Attributable Risk Factors in China: Estimates and Forecasts from 1990 to 2050

Ruhao Zhang et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon and aggressive malignant head and neck cancer, which is highly prevalent in southern and southwestern provinces in China. The aim of this study was to examine the disease burden and risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China from 1990 to 2019 and to predict the incidence trends from 2020 to 2049. All data were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort (APC) models were chosen to analyze prevalence trends. The temporal trends and age distribution of risk factors were also analyzed descriptively. Bayesian APC models were used to predict the prevalence from 2020 to 2049. The results indicate a higher disease burden in men and older adults. Their attributable risk factors are smoking, occupational exposure to formaldehyde, and alcohol use. We predict that the incidence will be on the rise in all age groups between 2020 and 2049, with the highest incidence in people aged 70 to 89 years. In 2049, the incidence rate is expected to reach 13.39 per 100,000 (50-54 years), 16.43 (55-59 years), 17.26 (60-64 years), 18.02 (65-69 years), 18.55 (70-74 years), 18.39 (75-79 years), 19.95 (80-84 years), 23.07 (85-89 years), 13.70 (90-94 years), and 6.68 (95+ years). The findings of this study might deserve consideration in China's NPC prevention and control policy design.

Keywords: GBD study; age-period-cohort model; burden of diseases; joinpoint regression; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; prediction; risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trends of musculoskeletal disorders burden in China from 1990 to 2019.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The variation trends of ASDR and age-standardized DALY rates of three risk factors in different genders over 30 years.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The variation trends of ASDR and age-standardized DALY rates of two risk factors in different genders and age groups in 2019.
Figure 4
Figure 4
APC model analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence among females and males in China.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Prediction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence among females and males in China from 2020 to 2049 based on the Bayesian APC model.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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