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. 2023 Feb 10;20(4):3115.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043115.

Landscape Aesthetic Value of Waterfront Green Space Based on Space-Psychology-Behavior Dimension: A Case Study along Qiantang River (Hangzhou Section)

Xiaojia Liu  1 , Xi Chen  2 , Yan Huang  1 , Weihong Wang  3 , Mingkan Zhang  1 , Yang Jin  1
Affiliations

Landscape Aesthetic Value of Waterfront Green Space Based on Space-Psychology-Behavior Dimension: A Case Study along Qiantang River (Hangzhou Section)

Xiaojia Liu et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

As an important part of urban green infrastructure, the landscape effect of the urban waterfront green space varies, and sometimes, the green space with an excellent landscape aesthetic value fails to serve the needs of most citizens. This seriously affects the construction of a green ecological civilization and the implementation of the concept of "common prosperity" in China. Based on multi-source data, this study took the Qiantang River Basin as an example, selected 12 representative waterfront green spaces along the river as the research objects, and used qualitative and quantitative analysis methods to determine the landscape aesthetic value of the research area from the different dimensions of space, psychology, and physiology. We examined the relationship between each dimension so as to objectively and comprehensively reflect the landscape value characteristics of the waterfront green space in the study area and provide a reasonable theoretical framework and practical development path for future urban waterfront green space landscape design. We obtained the following results: (1) The results of the spatial dimension research indicated that the spatial value index of the waterfront green space in the study area was three-dimensional space > vertical space > horizontal space, and the overall spatial value was low; Qianjiang Ecological Park obtained the highest value (0.5473), and Urban Balcony Park obtained the lowest value (0.4619). (2) The results of the psychological dimension indicated that people's perceptions of the waterfront green space in the study area were relatively weak, mainly focusing on visual perception, but the waterfront green space with a relative emotional value greater than one accounted for 75%, and the overall recognition of the landscape was high. (3) The results of the behavioral dimension showed that the overall heat of the waterfront green space in the study area was insufficient (1.3719-7.1583), which was mainly concentrated in low-heat levels, and the population density was unevenly distributed (0.0014-0.0663), which was mainly concentrated in the medium-density level. The main purpose of users was to visit, and they stayed an average of 1.5 h. (4) The results of the coupling coordination analysis of the spatial-psychological-behavioral dimensions showed that the landscape value of the waterfront green space in the study area presented a form of 'high coupling degree and low coordination degree'.

Keywords: behavior observation; heat map; horizontal–vertical–three-dimensional space evaluation model; landscape aesthetic value; spatial–psychological–behavioral dimension; urban waterfront spaces.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Location and distribution of waterfront parks.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Present situation of waterfront parks.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Space–psychology–behavior dimension landscape aesthetic evaluation mechanism.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Panoramic picture sample.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Scatter diagram of relative evaluation rates and relative emotion values of the landscape.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Park kernel density estimation mean data (persons/m2).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Coupling coordination degree distribution of waterfront parks.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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