The Human Virome and Its Crosslink with Glomerulonephritis and IgA Nephropathy

Abstract

The prokaryotic, viral, fungal, and parasitic microbiome exists in a highly intricate connection with the human host. In addition to eukaryotic viruses, due to the existence of various host bacteria, phages are widely spread throughout the human body. However, it is now evident that some viral community states, as opposed to others, are indicative of health and might be linked to undesirable outcomes for the human host. Members of the virome may collaborate with the human host to retain mutualistic functions in preserving human health. Evolutionary theories contend that a particular microbe's ubiquitous existence may signify a successful partnership with the host. In this Review, we present a survey of the field's work on the human virome and highlight the role of viruses in health and disease and the relationship of the virobiota with immune system control. Moreover, we will analyze virus involvement in glomerulonephritis and in IgA nephropathy, theorizing the molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for the crosslink with these renal diseases.

Keywords: HIV; IgA nepropathy; glomerulonephritis; hepatitis; immune system; virome; virus.

Figure 1

Virome interconnections with host. The host health is impacted by eukaryotic viruses in both negative and positive ways (green and orange lines, respectively). Phages interact with the host through the bacterial population that is associated with it, and these interactions, either directly or indirectly, could have unknown implications (yellow lines) on human health.