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Review
. 2023 Jan 18;13(2):264.
doi: 10.3390/life13020264.

Emerging Role of Plant-Based Dietary Components in Post-Translational Modifications Associated with Colorectal Cancer

Carmen Rodríguez-García  1   2 , Francisco Gutiérrez-Santiago  3
Affiliations
Review

Emerging Role of Plant-Based Dietary Components in Post-Translational Modifications Associated with Colorectal Cancer

Carmen Rodríguez-García et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Its main modifiable risk factors are diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Thus, the right approach through lifestyle changes may lead to its prevention. In fact, some natural dietary components have exhibited chemopreventive activity through modulation of cellular processes involved in CRC development. Although cancer is a multi-factorial process, the study of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins associated with CRC has recently gained interest, as inappropriate modification is closely related to the activation of cell signalling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Therefore, this review aimed to collect the main PTMs associated with CRC, analyse the relationship between different proteins that are susceptible to inappropriate PTMs, and review the available scientific literature on the role of plant-based dietary compounds in modulating CRC-associated PTMs. In summary, this review suggested that some plant-based dietary components such as phenols, flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, and alkaloids may be able to correct the inappropriate PTMs associated with CRC and promote apoptosis in tumour cells.

Keywords: cancer risk factor; flavonoids; lignans; natural products; phenols; phosphorylation; prognosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the main post-translational modifications in colorectal cancer. Below each post-translational modification is a list of the identified proteins that suffer inappropriate post-translational modifications associated with colorectal cancer.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Protein–protein interaction network. Coloured nodes in green: proteins involved in the VEGFA-VEGFR2 signalling pathway. Coloured nodes in blue: proteins involved in the EGF-EFGR signalling pathway. Coloured nodes in red: proteins involved in the MAPK signalling pathway. Coloured nodes in yellow: proteins involved in the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Coloured nodes in grey: proteins that are not involved in any of the signalling pathways mentioned above. Edges represent protein–protein associations. Pink line: association experimentally determined. Blue line: association determined from curated databases. Purple line: protein homology.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of plant-based components on post-translational modifications associated with colorectal cancer. The first box lists the main signalling pathways that may be modulated through post-translational modifications by plant-based dietary components. From left to right, the p53, JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways are shown. The second box lists the main groups of bioactive compounds with modulatory activity on post-translational modifications. Arrow: promotes protein post-translational modification; no arrow: inhibits protein post-translational modification.
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