Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jan 20;13(2):294.
doi: 10.3390/life13020294.

Vine-Twining Inclusion Behavior of Amylose towards Hydrophobic Polyester, Poly(β-propiolactone), in Glucan Phosphorylase-Catalyzed Enzymatic Polymerization

Masa-Aki Iwamoto  1 , Jun-Ichi Kadokawa  1
Affiliations

Vine-Twining Inclusion Behavior of Amylose towards Hydrophobic Polyester, Poly(β-propiolactone), in Glucan Phosphorylase-Catalyzed Enzymatic Polymerization

Masa-Aki Iwamoto et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

This study investigates inclusion behavior of amylose towards, poly(β-propiolactone) (PPL), that is a hydrophobic polyester, via the vine-twining process in glucan phosphorylase (GP, isolated from thermophilic bacteria, Aquifex aeolicus VF5)-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization. As a result of poor dispersibility of PPL in sodium acetate buffer, the enzymatically produced amylose by GP catalysis incompletely included PPL in the buffer media under the general vine-twining polymerization conditions. Alternatively, we employed an ethyl acetate-sodium acetate buffer emulsion system with dispersing PPL as the media for vine-twining polymerization. Accordingly, the GP (from thermophilic bacteria)-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization of an α-d-glucose 1-phosphate monomer from a maltoheptaose primer was performed at 50 °C for 48 h in the prepared emulsion to efficiently form the inclusion complex. The powder X-ray diffraction profile of the precipitated product suggested that the amylose-PPL inclusion complex was mostly produced in the above system. The 1H NMR spectrum of the product also supported the inclusion complex structure, where a calculation based on an integrated ratio of signals indicated an almost perfect inclusion of PPL in the amylosic cavity. The prevention of crystallization of PPL in the product was suggested by IR analysis, because it was surrounded by the amylosic chains due to the inclusion complex structure.

Keywords: amylose; emulsion system; enzymatic polymerization; glucan phosphorylase; hydrophobic polyester; inclusion complex; poly(β-propiolactone); vine-twining process.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Vine-twining polymerization using poly(β-propiolactone) (PPL) as guest polyester.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Powder XRD profiles of (a) PPL, (b) product obtained by vine-twining polymerization in sodium acetate buffer, (c) product obtained by vine-twining polymerization in ethyl acetate–sodium acetate buffer emulsion system, (d) amylose-poly(γ-butyrolactone) (PBL) inclusion complex, (e) double helical amylose.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Photographs and laser microscopic images of (a,c) mixture of PPL with sodium acetate buffer after ultrasonication and (b,d) mixture of PPL with ethyl acetate/sodium acetate buffer after ultrasonication.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) 1H NMR spectrum of product in DMSO-d6 obtained by vine-twining polymerization in ethyl-acetate-sodium acetate buffer emulsion system and (b) illustration of repeat distance of 61 amylosic helix and unit length of PPL.
Figure 5
Figure 5
IR spectra of (a) PPL and (b) product obtained by vine-twining polymerization in ethyl-acetate-sodium acetate buffer emulsion system.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Song E.H., Shang J., Ratner D.M. Polysaccharides. In: Matyjaszewski K., Möller M., editors. Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference. Elsevier; Amsterdam, The Netherlands: 2012. pp. 137–155.
    1. Imberty A., Chanzy H., Perez S., Buleon A., Tran V. The double-helical nature of the crystalline part of A-starch. J. Mol. Biol. 1988;201:365–378. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90144-1. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Imberty A., Perez S. A revisit to the three-dimensional structure of B-type starch. Biopolymers. 1988;27:1205–1221. doi: 10.1002/bip.360270803. - DOI
    1. Putseys J.A., Lamberts L., Delcour J.A. Amylose-inclusion complexes: Formation, identity and physico-chemical properties. J. Cereal. Sci. 2010;51:238–247. doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.01.011. - DOI
    1. Kadokawa J. Hierarchically fabrication of amylosic supramolecular nanocomposites by means of inclusion complexation in phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization field. In: Thakur K.V., Thakur K.M., editors. Eco-Friendly Polymer Nanocomposites: Processing and Properties. Springer; New Delhi, India: 2015. pp. 513–525.

Grants and funding