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. 2023 Jan 22;13(2):313.
doi: 10.3390/life13020313.

Physiological and Biochemical Responses in Microalgae Dunaliella salina, Cylindrotheca closterium and Phormidium versicolor NCC466 Exposed to High Salinity and Irradiation

Wassim Guermazi  1 , Salma Masmoudi  1   2 , Neila Annabi Trabelsi  1 , Sana Gammoudi  1 , Habib Ayadi  1 , Annick Morant-Manceau  2 , George N Hotos  3
Affiliations

Physiological and Biochemical Responses in Microalgae Dunaliella salina, Cylindrotheca closterium and Phormidium versicolor NCC466 Exposed to High Salinity and Irradiation

Wassim Guermazi et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyceae), Phormidium versicolor (Cyanophyceae), and Cylindrotheca closterium (Bacillariophyceae) were isolated from three ponds in the solar saltern of Sfax (Tunisia). Growth, pigment contents, and photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured under controlled conditions of three light levels (300, 500, and 1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1) and three NaCl concentrations (40, 80, and 140 g L-1). The highest salinity reduced the growth of D. salina and P. versicolor NCC466 and strongly inhibited that of C. closterium. According to ΦPSII values, the photosynthetic apparatus of P. versicolor was stimulated by increasing salinity, whereas that of D. salina and C. closterium was decreased by irradiance rise. The production of carotenoids in D. salina and P. versicolor was stimulated when salinity and irradiance increased, whereas it decreased in the diatom. Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were only detected when the three species were cultivated under E1000. The antioxidant activity of carotenoids could compensate for the low antioxidant enzyme activity measured in D. salina. Salinity and irradiation levels interact with the physiology of three species that have mechanisms of more or less effective stress resistance, hence different resistance to environmental stresses according to the species. Under these stress-controlled conditions, P. versicolor and C. closterium strains could provide promising sources of extremolyte for several purposes.

Keywords: Cylindrotheca closterium; Dunaliella salina; PSII; Phormidium versicolor; antioxidative enzyme activity; light-salt stress; microalgae; photosynthetic activity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of the location with the sampling ponds indicated.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PCR amplification for genes representative of Dunaliella: 5.8S, 18S rRNA, and rbcl of Cylindrotheca closterium: 5.8S, 18S rRNA, ITS, and rbcl, and of Phormidium versicolor: 16S. M: Molecular marker.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Growth kinetics of Dunaliella salina, Cylindrotheca closterium, and Phormidium versicolor grown in artificial seawater containing NaCl 40, 80, and 140 g L−1 under 300, 500, and 1000 µmol m−2 s−1 (E300, E500, and E1000). Means ± SE (n = 3).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Catalase (A), Superoxide dismutase (B) and Ascorbate peroxidase (C) activities in Dunaliella salina, Cylindrotheca closterium, and Phormidium versicolor grown in artificial seawater containing NaCl 40, 80, and 140 g L−1 under 1000 µmol m−2 s−1. Means ± SE.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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