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. 2023 Feb 13;16(4):1563.
doi: 10.3390/ma16041563.

Modulation of the Structure of the Conjugated Polymer TMP and the Effect of Its Structure on the Catalytic Performance of TMP-TiO2 under Visible Light: Catalyst Preparation, Performance and Mechanism

Jing Zhang  1 , Chen Wang  1 , Xiaoguo Shi  1 , Qing Feng  1 , Tingting Shen  1 , Siyuan Wang  2
Affiliations

Modulation of the Structure of the Conjugated Polymer TMP and the Effect of Its Structure on the Catalytic Performance of TMP-TiO2 under Visible Light: Catalyst Preparation, Performance and Mechanism

Jing Zhang et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) is largely hindered by its low photoresponse and quantum efficiency. TiO2 modified by conjugated polymers (CPs) is considered a promising approach to enhance the visible light responsiveness of TiO2. In this work, in order to investigate the effect of CP structural changes on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 under visible light, trimesoyl chloride-melamine polymers (TMPs) with different structural characteristics were created by varying the parameters of the polymerisation process of tricarbonyl chloride (TMC) and melamine (M). The TMPs were subsequently composited with TiO2 to form complex materials (TMP-TiO2) using an in situ hydrothermal technique. The photocatalytic activity of TMP-TiO2 was evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). The results showed that the trend of the structure of the TMP with the reaction conditions was consistent with the visible light responsiveness of TMP-TiO2, and TMP (1:1)-TiO2 had the best photocatalytic activity and could degrade 96.1% of the RhB. In conclusion, our study provided new insights into the influence of the structural changes of TMPs on the photocatalytic activity of TMP-TiO2 under visible light, and it improves our understanding of how conjugated polymers affect the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 under visible light.

Keywords: TiO2; conjugated polymer; structural regulation; visible photocatalyst.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the material preparation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of melamine (M), tricarbonyl chloride (TMC), and trimesoyl chloride–melamine copolymer (TMP) after baseline correction (500–4000 cm−1); (b) FT-IR spectra of M, TMC, and TMP after baseline correction (900–1600 cm−1).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of TMP synthesized by different M:TMC ratios (a) M:TMC= 1:3; (b) M:TMC= 1:2; (c) M:TMC= 1:1; (d) M:TMC= 2:1.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) of the TMP. (b) Diagram of the Kubelka–Munk function of the TMP versus the absorbed light energy (band gap width). (c) Cyclic voltammogram (CV) of TMP. (d) Location of TMP highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO).
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) UV-Vis DRS of the TMP–TiO2. (b) Diagram of the Kubelka–Munk function of the TMP–TiO2 versus the absorbed light energy (band gap width). (c) Location of TMP–TiO2 conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of TMP.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Degradation of RhB. (b) Hinshelwood plot for studying the kinetic of the process. (c) Removal rate of RhB and value of the linear fit κapp. (d) Photocurrent response diagram.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effects of scavengers on the degradation of RhB. (a) Photocatalytic removal curves of RhB. (b) Photocatalytic removal efficiency of RhB.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) XPS O1s spectra of TMP (1:1), TiO2, and TMP (1:1)–TiO2; (b) XPS Ti2p spectra of TMP (1:1), TiO2, and TMP (1:1)–TiO2.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Photocatalytic mechanism of photo-generated carrier separation and transfer on TMP–TiO2 sample under visible light.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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