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. 2023 Feb 13;12(4):830.
doi: 10.3390/plants12040830.

Biological Activities of the Fruit Essential Oil, Fruit, and Root Extracts of Ferula drudeana Korovin, the Putative Anatolian Ecotype of the Silphion Plant

Fatma Tosun  1 , Fatih Göger  2 , Gökalp İşcan  3 , Mine Kürkçüoğlu  3 , Fadıl Kaan Kuran  4 , Mahmut Miski  4
Affiliations

Biological Activities of the Fruit Essential Oil, Fruit, and Root Extracts of Ferula drudeana Korovin, the Putative Anatolian Ecotype of the Silphion Plant

Fatma Tosun et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

In the present study, preliminary phytochemical investigations were performed on the fruit essential oil and antioxidant-rich methanolic extracts of the fruits and roots of Ferula drudeana, the putative Anatolian ecotype of the Silphion plant, to corroborate its medicinal plant potential and identify its unique characteristics amongst other Ferula species. The essential oil from the fruits of the endemic species Ferula drudeana collected from Aksaray was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main components of the oil were determined as shyobunone (44.2%) and 6-epishyobunone (12.6%). The essential oil of the fruits and various solvent extracts of the fruits and roots of F. drudeana were evaluated for their antibacterial and anticandidal activity using microbroth dilution methods. The essential oil of the fruits, methanol, and methylene chloride extracts of the fruits and roots showed weak to moderate inhibitory activity against all tested microorganisms with MIC values of 78-2000 µg/mL. However, the petroleum ether extract of the roots showed remarkable inhibitory activity against Candida krusei and Candida utilis with MIC values of 19.5 and 9.75 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, all the samples were tested for their antioxidant activities using DPPH• TLC spot testing, online HPLC-ABTS screening, and DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging activity assessment assays. Methanolic extracts of the fruits and roots showed strong antioxidant activity in both systems.

Keywords: Ferula drudeana; GC/MS; HPLC–ABTS•+; antibacterial; anticandidal; antioxidant; essential oil.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) The general view of Ferula drudeana is similar to the numismatic silphion plant figures on the early period Cyrenaic coins (upper coin figure). (B) The numismatic figures on the later period Cyrenaic coins (lower coin figure) resemble the developing premature flowering stem of F. drudeana. Copyrights of coin figures: Trustees of the British Museum.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fruits of Ferula drudeana during their development stages: (A) immature fruits, (B) young fruits, (C) maturing young fruits become yellow due to the loss of chlorophyll, (D) golden brown mature fruits.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Main terpenoid compounds of the fruit essential oil of Ferula drudeana.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Online HPLC–ABTS•+ chromatogram (lower section) of the methanolic extract of fruits of Ferula drudeana display negative peaks, indicating the antioxidant activity of the corresponding compound peaks in the upper HPLC chromatogram.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structures of the antioxidant phenolic compounds of the fruit and root methanolic extracts of Ferula drudeana.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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