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Review
. 2023 Apr:72:102349.
doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102349. Epub 2023 Feb 24.

The diversity of salicylic acid biosynthesis and defense signaling in plants: Knowledge gaps and future opportunities

Chhana Ullah  1 , Yen-Ho Chen  2 , María A Ortega  3 , Chung-Jui Tsai  4
Affiliations
Free article
Review

The diversity of salicylic acid biosynthesis and defense signaling in plants: Knowledge gaps and future opportunities

Chhana Ullah et al. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2023 Apr.
Free article

Abstract

The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is known to regulate plant immunity against pathogens. Plants synthesize SA via the isochorismate synthase (ICS) pathway or the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathway. The ICS pathway has been fully characterized using Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant that exhibits pathogen-inducible SA accumulation. Many species including Populus (poplar) depend instead on the partially understood PAL pathway for constitutive as well as pathogen-stimulated SA synthesis. Diversity of SA-mediated defense is also evident in SA accumulation, redox regulation, and interplay with other hormones like jasmonic acid. This review highlights the contrast between Arabidopsis and poplar, discusses potential drivers of SA diversity in plant defenses, and offers future research directions.

Keywords: Pathogen defense; Populus; Redox signaling; SA-JA synergism; Salicylic acid biosynthesis; Thioredoxin.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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