MLKC reports personal fees from Astellas, Janssen, Bayer, Pfizer, MSD, Varian, IQVIA, Telix Pharmaceuticals, and AstraZeneca, personal fees and non-financial support from BeiGene, non-financial support from Decipher Biosciences and MedLever, consultancy for immunoSCAPE, and is a co-inventor of the patent for a high-sensitivity lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of analyte in a sample (10202107837T) and serves on the Board of Directors of and owns stocks in Digital Life Line Pte, which owns the licensing agreement of the patent, outside the submitted work. VHFL reports personal fees and grants from AstraZeneca and personal fees from AQUILAB, Amgen, Boston Scientific, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, and Takeda, outside the submitted work. AWML declares no competing interests. Editorial note: the Lancet Group takes a neutral position with respect to territorial claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.