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. 2023 Feb 9:14:1072288.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1072288. eCollection 2023.

The association of cell adhesion molecules and selectins (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, L-selectin, and P-selectin) with microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: A follow-up study

Khalid Siddiqui  1 , Teena P George  1 , Muhammad Mujammami  1   2   3 , Arthur Isnani  4 , Assim A Alfadda  1   3   4
Affiliations

The association of cell adhesion molecules and selectins (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, L-selectin, and P-selectin) with microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: A follow-up study

Khalid Siddiqui et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia induces pathogenic changes in the vascular endothelium and leads to the development of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early identification of markers of diabetes complications may help to minimize the risk of the development and progression of microvascular complications.

Methods: This follow-up study was conducted in type 2 diabetic cohort aged between 30-70 years. Out of 160 eligible participants, 70 of them completed follow-up. Levels of cell adhesion molecules and selectins (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, L-selectin and P-selectin) at baseline and follow-up were measured using Randox Evidence biochip analyzer (UK). Development of microvascular complications (diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy) was evaluated.

Results: During the follow-up (2 years, median), 31 (44.3%) developed diabetic neuropathy, 10 (14.3%) developed diabetic retinopathy and, 27 (38.6%) developed diabetic nephropathy. A significant difference in levels of cell adhesion molecules and selectins were found in type 2 diabetic patients with and without microvascular complications. Multiple logistic regression analysis reveals that baseline level of VCAM-1 is significantly associated with microvascular complications; diabetic neuropathy(p=0.028), retinopathy (p=0.007) and nephropathy(p=<0.001). Additionally, levels of P-selectin (p=0.05) and L-selectin (p=0.008) is associated with diabetic nephropathy while retinopathy associated with L-selectin (p=0.005) only.

Conclusion: Cell adhesion molecules and selectins are indicators of microvascular complication among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Association of these markers with the development of microvascular complications may provide additive information for developing strategies for diabetes management and prediction of microvascular complications.

Keywords: adhesion molecule; complications; diabetic nephropathy; diabetic neuropathy; diabetic retinopathy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Shows the selection and recruitment of participants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Shows the percentage of distribution of microvascular complications among type 2 diabetic patients at baseline (N=162) and follow-up (N=70). Dark color shows the “presence” and light color shows “absence” of corresponding complication.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) shows the percentage distribution of microvascular complications in quartiles of HbA1c and (B) shows the percentage distribution of microvascular complications in different groups of DM duration (years) at baseline (N=162) and follow-up (N=70). Dark color shows the “presence” and light color shows “absence” of corresponding complication. DM duration (diabetes mellitus duration), DN (diabetic nephropathy), DR (diabetic retinopathy), D Neu (diabetic neuropathy). P value <0.05 is statistically significant.
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