Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Feb 17.
doi: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.03.015. Online ahead of print.

Combined training prescriptions for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials

Z-J Wu  1 , C Han  2 , Z-Y Wang  1 , F-H Li  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Combined training prescriptions for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials

Z-J Wu et al. Sci Sports. .

Abstract
in English, French

Background: Improved physical fitness is important for preventing COVID-19-related mortality. So, combined training can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, and the healthrelated characteristics of adults; however, its impact in the elderly remains unclear.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of combined training on older adults. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched (until April 2021) for randomized trials comparing the effect of combined training on cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, body composition, blood pressure, and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults.

Results: Combined training significantly improved peak oxygen consumption compared to no exercise (WMD = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.83 to 3.37). Combined resistance and aerobic training induced favorable changes in physical fitness (timed up-and-go = -1.06, 30-s chair stand = 3.85, sit and reach = 4.43, 6-minute walking test = 39.22, arm curl = 4.60, grip strength = 3.65, 10-m walk = -0.47, maximum walking speed = 0.15, one-leg balance = 2.71), body composition (fat mass = -2.91, body fat% = -2.31, body mass index = -0.87, waist circumference = -2.91), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure = -8.11, diastolic blood pressure = -4.55), and cardiometabolic risk factors (glucose = -0.53, HOMA-IR = -0.14, high-density lipoprotein = 2.32, total cholesterol = -5.32) in older individuals. Finally, the optimal exercise prescription was ≥ 30 min/session × 50-80% VO2peak, ≥ 3 times/week for ≥ 12 weeks and resistance intensity 70-75% one-repetition maximum, 8-12 repetitions × 3 sets.

Conclusions: Combined training improved VO2peak and some cardiometabolic risk factors in older populations. The dose-effect relationship varied between different parameters. Exercise prescriptions must be formulated considering individual needs during exercise.

Contexte: L’amélioration de la condition physique est importante pour prévenir la mortalité liée au COVID-19. Ainsi, l’entraînement combiné peut augmenter efficacement la consommation maximale d’oxygène, la forme physique, la composition corporelle, la tension artérielle et les caractéristiques liées à la santé des adultes; cependant, son impact chez les personnes âgées reste incertain.

Méthodes: Cette revue systématique et cette méta-analyse visaient à évaluer les effets de l’entraînement combiné chez les personnes âgées. Quatre bases de données électroniques (PubMed, Scopus, Medline et Web of Science) ont été consultées (jusqu’en avril 2021) pour trouver des essais randomisés comparant l’effet d’un entraînement combiné sur l’aptitude cardiorespiratoire, la forme physique, la composition corporelle, la tension artérielle et les facteurs de risque cardiométabolique chez les personnes âgées.

Résultats: Au total, 37 publications ont été incluses dans cette étude. L’entraînement combiné a considérablement amélioré la consommation maximale d’oxygène par rapport à l’absence d’exercice (DMP = 3,10, IC95 % : 2,83 à 3,37). La combinaison résistance + entraînement aérobie a entraîné des changements favorables dans la forme physique (démarrage chronométré = −1,06, position assise pendant 30 s = 3,85, position assise et lever = 4,43, test de marche de 6 minutes = 39,22, flexion des bras = 4,60, adhérence force = 3,65, marche de 10 m = −0,47, vitesse de marche maximale = 0,15, équilibre sur une jambe = 2,71), composition corporelle (masse grasse = −2,91, pourcentage de graisse corporelle = −2,31, indice de masse corporelle = −0,87, taille circonférence = −2,91), tension artérielle (pression artérielle systolique = −8,11, pression artérielle diastolique = −4,55) et facteurs de risque cardiométabolique (glucose = −0,53, HOMA-IR = −0,14, lipoprotéines de haute densité = 2,32, cholestérol total = −5,32) chez les personnes âgées. Enfin, la prescription d’exercice optimale était ≥ 30 min/séance × 50–80 % VO2pic, ≥ 3 fois/semaine pendant ≥ 12 semaines et résistance à une intensité de 70–75 % une répétition maximale, 8–12 répétitions × 3 séries.

Conclusions: L’entraînement combiné a amélioré la VO2pic et certains facteurs de risque cardiométabolique chez les populations âgées. La relation dose-effet variait entre les différents paramètres. Les prescriptions d’exercice doivent être formulées en tenant compte des besoins individuels pendant l’exercice.

Keywords: Cardiorespiratory fitness; Combined training; Meta-analysis; Older adults; Physical fitness.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of literature search and study selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Risk of bias assessment for the included studies.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Meta-analysis of the effect of combined training versus no exercise on VO2peak.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Wan H., Goodkind D., Kowal P. US Census Bureau; Washington, DC, USA: 2016. An Aging World: 2015; p. 95.
    1. Theou O., Jones G.R., Vandervoort A.A., Jakobi J.M. Daily muscle activity and quiescence in non-frail, pre-frail, and frail older women. Exp Gerontol. 2010;45:909–917. - PubMed
    1. Rahmadane I., Certoma A.F., Peck G.R., Fitria Y., Payne J., Colling A., et al. Development and validation of an immunoperoxidase antigen detection test for improved diagnosis of rabies in Indonesia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11:e6079. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ortega F.B., Lavie C.J., Blair S.N. Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2016;118:1752–1770. - PubMed
    1. Gomez-Lopez M., Gallegos A.G., Extremera A.B. Perceived barriers by university students in the practice of physical activities. J Sports Sci Med. 2010;9:374–381. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources