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. 2021 Jun:10:100366.
doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2021.100366. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

The relationship between mobility and COVID-19 pandemic: Daily evidence from an emerging country by causality analysis

Mustafa Tevfik Kartal  1 , Özer Depren  2 , Serpil Kiliç Depren  3
Affiliations

The relationship between mobility and COVID-19 pandemic: Daily evidence from an emerging country by causality analysis

Mustafa Tevfik Kartal et al. Transp Res Interdiscip Perspect. 2021 Jun.

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between mobility (a proxy for transport) and the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on Turkey as an example of an emerging country. In this context, eight types of mobility and two indicators of COVID-19 were analyzed using daily data from March 11, 2020 to December 7, 2020 by applying Toda-Yamamoto causality test. The findings revealed that (i) there is cointegration between the variables in the long term; (ii) there is an econometric causality between mobility indicators (mobility of grocery, park, residential, retail, and workplace) and pandemic indicators; (iii) various mobility indicators have an econometric causality with different pandemic indicators; (iv) neither driving mobility nor walking mobility has an econometric causality with the pandemic indicators whereas some of the other types of mobility, such as grocery, park, and retail do. These results generally show the effects of mobility and highlight the importance of appropriate mobility restrictions in terms of the pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; Mobility; Toda-Yamamoto causality test; Turkey.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Mobility of Apple Users in Turkey. Source: Apple (2020).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Mobility of Google Users in Turkey. Source: Google (2020).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The Progress of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Source: Ministry of Health of Turkey (2020).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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