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Review
. 2023 Feb 10:14:1108661.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108661. eCollection 2023.

Role of the skin microbiota and intestinal microbiome in rosacea

Weitao Zhu  1 , Michael R Hamblin  2 , Xiang Wen  3
Affiliations
Review

Role of the skin microbiota and intestinal microbiome in rosacea

Weitao Zhu et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder of uncertain etiology that mainly affects the centrofacial region, including cheeks, nose, chin, forehead, and eyes. The pathogenesis of rosacea remains unclear because it involves several complex factors. Additionally, the potential treatment methods need to be explored. We reviewed the common bacterial species in the skin microbiota and gut microbiota of rosacea patients such as Demodex folliculorum, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus oleronius, Cutibacterium acnes, and Helicobacter pylori and identified their role in the pathogenesis. Besides, we summarized the influence factors such as temperature and age on rosacea patients. We also systematically reviewed the commonly used clinical treatment methods, including antibiotics, probiotics. as well as their treatment mechanism and application precautions.

Keywords: gastrointestinal microbiome; influence factors; rosacea; skin microbiota; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

MH declares the following potential conflicts of interest. Scientific Advisory Boards: Transdermal Cap Inc., Cleveland, OH; Hologenix Inc. Santa Monica, CA; Vielight, Toronto, Canada; JOOVV Inc., Minneapolis-St. Paul MN; Sunlighten, Kansas City, MO; Consulting; USHIO Corp, Japan; Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Klox Asia, Guangzhou, China. Stockholding: Niraxx Light Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine CA; JelikaLite Corp, New York NY. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The classification of rosacea.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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