A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Real-World Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against Infection, Symptomatic and Severe COVID-19 Disease Caused by the Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529)

doi:10.3390/vaccines11020224

Review

. 2023 Jan 19;11(2):224.

doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020224.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Real-World Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against Infection, Symptomatic and Severe COVID-19 Disease Caused by the Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529)

Hassen Mohammed^{1

2}, Dan Duy Pham-Tran², Zi Yi Michelle Yeoh², Bing Wang^{1

2}, Mark McMillan^{1

2}, Prabha H Andraweera^{1

2}, Helen S Marshall^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.
² Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.

PMID: 36851102
PMCID: PMC9965204
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020224

Review

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Real-World Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against Infection, Symptomatic and Severe COVID-19 Disease Caused by the Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529)

Hassen Mohammed et al. Vaccines (Basel). 2023.

. 2023 Jan 19;11(2):224.

doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020224.

Authors

Hassen Mohammed^{1

2}, Dan Duy Pham-Tran², Zi Yi Michelle Yeoh², Bing Wang^{1

2}, Mark McMillan^{1

2}, Prabha H Andraweera^{1

2}, Helen S Marshall^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.
² Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.

PMID: 36851102
PMCID: PMC9965204
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020224

Abstract

Real-world data on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is limited. This systematic review aimed to investigate the real-world effectiveness and durability of protection conferred by primary course and booster vaccines against confirmed Omicron infection, and severe outcomes. We systematically searched literature up to 1 August 2022. Meta-analysis was performed with the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model to estimate the pooled vaccine effectiveness (VE). Overall, 28 studies were included representing 11 million individuals. The pooled VE against Omicron infection was 20.4% (95%CI: 12.1-28.7%) and 23.4% (95%CI: 13.5-33.3%) against symptomatic infection with variation based on vaccine type and age groups. VE sharply declined from 28.1% (95%CI: 19.1-37.1%) at three months to 3.9% (95%CI: -24.8-32.7%) at six months. Similar trends were observed for symptomatic Omicron infection. A booster dose restored protection against Omicron infection up to 51.1% (95%CI: 43.8-58.3%) and 57.3% (95%CI: 54.0-60.5%) against symptomatic infection within three months; however, this waned to 32.8% (95%CI: 16.8-48.7%) within six months. VE against severe Omicron infection following the primary course was 63.6% (95%CI: 57.5-69.7%) at three months, decreased to 49% (95%CI: 35.7-63.4%) within six months, and increased to 86% after the first or second booster dose.

Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; Omicron; booster vaccination; vaccine effectiveness.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

H.S.M. is an investigator on vaccine trials sponsored by the GSK group of companies, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Merck. H.S.M.’s, H.M.’s, B.W.’s, M.M.’s and P.H.A.’s institution receives funding for investigator-led studies from industry, including Pfizer and Sanofi Pasteur; H.S.M., H.M., B.W., M.M. and P.H.A. receive no personal payments from industry. D.D.P.-T. and Z.Y.M.Y. declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
PRISMA flow diagram for study selection.

**Figure 2**
VE estimates against SARS-CoV-2 infection of the Omicron variant after the primary course, by vaccine types and time intervals.

**Figure 3**
VE estimates against symptomatic Omicron infection after the primary course, by vaccine types and time intervals.

**Figure 4**
Scatterplot of VE against symptomatic Omicron infection plotted according to time from the primary vaccination.

**Figure 5**
VE estimates against severe COVID-19 due to Omicron infection after the primary course by vaccine types and time intervals.

**Figure 6**
VE estimates against SARS-CoV-2 infection of the Omicron variant after one booster dose by vaccine types and time intervals.

**Figure 7**
VE estimates against symptomatic Omicron infection after one booster dose by vaccine types and time intervals.

**Figure 8**
VE estimates against severe COVID-19 due to Omicron infection after one booster dose by vaccine types and time intervals.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Cited by

Two centuries of vaccination: historical and conceptual approach and future perspectives.
Montero DA, Vidal RM, Velasco J, Carreño LJ, Torres JP, Benachi O MA, Tovar-Rosero YY, Oñate AA, O'Ryan M. Montero DA, et al. Front Public Health. 2024 Jan 9;11:1326154. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326154. eCollection 2023. Front Public Health. 2024. PMID: 38264254 Free PMC article. Review.
Key Considerations during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.
Rzymski P, Pokorska-Śpiewak M, Jackowska T, Kuchar E, Nitsch-Osuch A, Pawłowska M, Babicki M, Jaroszewicz J, Szenborn L, Wysocki J, Flisiak R. Rzymski P, et al. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Sep 19;11(9):1502. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11091502. Vaccines (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37766178 Free PMC article. Review.
Efficacy of adjuvant-associated COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in randomized controlled trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cheng MQ, Weng ZY, Li R, Song G. Cheng MQ, et al. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Feb 16;103(7):e35201. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035201. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024. PMID: 38363919 Free PMC article.
Effectiveness of Adapted COVID-19 Vaccines and Ability to Establish Herd Immunity against Omicron BA.1 and BA4-5 Variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Plans-Rubió P. Plans-Rubió P. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Dec 10;11(12):1836. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11121836. Vaccines (Basel). 2023. PMID: 38140240 Free PMC article.
Severity of Omicron Subvariants and Vaccine Impact in Catalonia, Spain.
de Rioja VL, Basile L, Perramon-Malavez A, Martínez-Solanas É, López D, Medina Maestro S, Coma E, Fina F, Prats C, Mendioroz Peña J, Alvarez-Lacalle E. de Rioja VL, et al. Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Apr 27;12(5):466. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12050466. Vaccines (Basel). 2024. PMID: 38793717 Free PMC article.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. World Health Organization [WHO] Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Variants. [(accessed on 2 April 2022)]. Available online: https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/
1. Pulliam J.R.C., van Schalkwyk C., Govender N., von Gottberg A., Cohen C., Groome M.J., Dushoff J., Mlisana K., Moultrie H. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of the Omicron variant in South Africa. medRxiv. 2021 doi: 10.1101/2021.11.11.21266068. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Araf Y., Akter F., Tang Y.D., Fatemi R., Parvez M.S.A., Zheng C., Hossain M.G. Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Genomics, transmissibility, and responses to current COVID-19 vaccines. J. Med. Virol. 2022;94:1825–1832. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27588. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Bekliz M., Adea K., Vetter P., Eberhardt C.S., Hosszu-Fellous K., Vu D.-L., Puhach O., Essaidi-Laziosi M., Waldvogel-Abramowski S., Stephan C., et al. Neutralization capacity of antibodies elicited through homologous or heterologous infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Nat. Commun. 2022;13:3840. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31556-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Cao Y., Wang J., Jian F., Xiao T., Song W., Yisimayi A., Huang W., Li Q., Wang P., An R., et al. Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Nature. 2022;602:657–663. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04385-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

[1] World Health Organization [WHO] Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Variants. [(accessed on 2 April 2022)]. Available online: https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/

[2] World Health Organization [WHO] Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Variants. [(accessed on 2 April 2022)]. Available online: https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/

[3] Pulliam J.R.C., van Schalkwyk C., Govender N., von Gottberg A., Cohen C., Groome M.J., Dushoff J., Mlisana K., Moultrie H. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of the Omicron variant in South Africa. medRxiv. 2021 doi: 10.1101/2021.11.11.21266068. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Pulliam J.R.C., van Schalkwyk C., Govender N., von Gottberg A., Cohen C., Groome M.J., Dushoff J., Mlisana K., Moultrie H. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of the Omicron variant in South Africa. medRxiv. 2021 doi: 10.1101/2021.11.11.21266068. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Araf Y., Akter F., Tang Y.D., Fatemi R., Parvez M.S.A., Zheng C., Hossain M.G. Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Genomics, transmissibility, and responses to current COVID-19 vaccines. J. Med. Virol. 2022;94:1825–1832. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27588. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Araf Y., Akter F., Tang Y.D., Fatemi R., Parvez M.S.A., Zheng C., Hossain M.G. Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Genomics, transmissibility, and responses to current COVID-19 vaccines. J. Med. Virol. 2022;94:1825–1832. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27588. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Bekliz M., Adea K., Vetter P., Eberhardt C.S., Hosszu-Fellous K., Vu D.-L., Puhach O., Essaidi-Laziosi M., Waldvogel-Abramowski S., Stephan C., et al. Neutralization capacity of antibodies elicited through homologous or heterologous infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Nat. Commun. 2022;13:3840. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31556-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Bekliz M., Adea K., Vetter P., Eberhardt C.S., Hosszu-Fellous K., Vu D.-L., Puhach O., Essaidi-Laziosi M., Waldvogel-Abramowski S., Stephan C., et al. Neutralization capacity of antibodies elicited through homologous or heterologous infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Nat. Commun. 2022;13:3840. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31556-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Cao Y., Wang J., Jian F., Xiao T., Song W., Yisimayi A., Huang W., Li Q., Wang P., An R., et al. Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Nature. 2022;602:657–663. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04385-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Cao Y., Wang J., Jian F., Xiao T., Song W., Yisimayi A., Huang W., Li Q., Wang P., An R., et al. Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Nature. 2022;602:657–663. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04385-3. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Real-World Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against Infection, Symptomatic and Severe COVID-19 Disease Caused by the Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529)

Affiliations

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Real-World Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against Infection, Symptomatic and Severe COVID-19 Disease Caused by the Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529)

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

Related information

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources