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Review
. 2023 Jan 27;11(2):274.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020274.

Vaccines against Group B Coxsackieviruses and Their Importance

Kiruthiga Mone  1 , Ninaad Lasrado  1   2 , Meghna Sur  1 , Jay Reddy  1
Affiliations
Review

Vaccines against Group B Coxsackieviruses and Their Importance

Kiruthiga Mone et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

The group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) exist in six serotypes (CVB1 to CVB6). Disease associations have been reported for most serotypes, and multiple serotypes can cause similar diseases. For example, CVB1, CVB3, and CVB5 are generally implicated in the causation of myocarditis, whereas CVB1 and CVB4 could accelerate the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Yet, no vaccines against these viruses are currently available. In this review, we have analyzed the attributes of experimentally tested vaccines and discussed their merits and demerits or limitations, as well as their impact in preventing infections, most importantly myocarditis and T1D.

Keywords: coxsackieviruses; type 1 diabetes; vaccine; viral insulitis; viral myocarditis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska is an applicant for a pending provisional patent application (# 63/179,980). NL, and JR are listed as inventors on the pending patent application and the inventors have contributed to the creation and use of the Mt10 vaccine virus described in this review. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Organs affected by various serotypes of CVBs in humans. The serotypes affecting various organs are color-coded in each box. The red text indicates more commonly detected serotypes than others (blue and green) in that order, and the black text indicates no such differences. The information indicated in the figure was synthesized from Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 8th Edition 2019, and the figure was created using biorender.com.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Experimental vaccines tested for various CVBs in the preclinical models. Several vaccine platforms shown with the upper-case text outside the big circle have been used to evaluate the efficacy of CVB vaccines in various preclinical models. While vaccines against CVB3 have been tested by using all the indicated approaches, killed vaccines have been tested for all six CVB serotypes, whereas VLP vaccines were tested only for CVB1, CVB3, and CVB5. The figure was created using biorender.com.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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