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. 2023 Feb 6;15(2):448.
doi: 10.3390/v15020448.

Longitudinal IgA and IgG Response, and ACE2 Binding Blockade, to Full-Length SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants in a Population of Black PLWH Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19

Muneerah Smith  1 , Gaurav Kwatra  2   3   4 , Alane Izu  2 , Andrew Nel  1 , Clare Cutland  4 , Khatja Ahmed  5 , Vicky Baillie  2 , Shaun Barnabas  6 , Qasim Bhorat  7 , Carmen Briner  8 , Erica Lazarus  8 , Keertan Dheda  9   10 , Lee Fairlie  11 , Anthonet Koen  2 , Shabir Madhi  2   4 , Jonathan M Blackburn  1   12   13
Affiliations

Longitudinal IgA and IgG Response, and ACE2 Binding Blockade, to Full-Length SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variants in a Population of Black PLWH Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19

Muneerah Smith et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been pivotal in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic yet understanding the subsequent outcomes and immunological effects remain crucial, especially for at-risk groups e.g., people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). In this study we report the longitudinal IgA and IgG antibody titers, as well as antibody-mediated angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding blockade, against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins after 1 and 2 doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a population of Black PLWH. Here, we report that PLWH (N = 103) did not produce an anti-S IgA response after infection or vaccination, however, anti-S IgG was detected in response to vaccination and infection, with the highest level detected for infected vaccinated participants. The anti-IgG and ACE2 blockade assays revealed that both vaccination and infection resulted in IgG production, however, only vaccination resulted in a moderate increase in ACE2 binding blockade to the ancestral S protein. Vaccination with a previous infection results in the greatest anti-S IgG and ACE2 blockade for the ancestral S protein. In conclusion, PLWH produce an anti-S IgG response to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and/or infection, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination with a previous infection produced more neutralizing antibodies than vaccination alone.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04444674.

Keywords: COVID-19; HIV; IgA; IgG; SARS-CoV-2 spike protein; neutralization; vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

J.M.B. is an employee of Sengenics Corporation, who market a Protein Array product developed in part based on results generated in this study. That product was however not used in this study.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Longitudinal (Day 0, Day 28 and Day 42) change in IgA and IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral spike (S) protein in response to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinated in Black people living with HIV (PLWH). Participants were vaccinated at Day 0 and Day 28, and serum collected before vaccine administration at Day 0, Day 28 ad Day 42, and assessed based on division into a placebo or vaccine-receiving groups, with or without a prior infection. The average relative fluorescence unit (RFU) is represented and the error bars indicate the minimum and maximum RFU values.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The longitudinal (Day 0, Day 28 and Day 42) IgG production (532 nm) (A) and ACE2 binding blockade (ID50) (B) against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein variants (ancestral, Alpha/B.1.1.7 and Beta/B1.351) in Black people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) is depicted. Participants were vaccinated at Day 0 and Day 28, and serum collected before vaccine administration at Day 0 and Day 28, as well as Day 42. Participants were assessed based on whether they were vaccinated or received the placebo, with or without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The average relative fluorescence units (RFU)- or ID50-values are represented and the error bars indicate the minimum and maximum RFU- or ID50-values.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The longitudinal (Day 0, Day 28 and Day 42) change in the percentage of participants with both an IgG response and who have antibodies that blocked ACE2 binding to the ancestral, Alpha/B.1.1.7 and Beta/B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein variants are depicted. Participants were vaccinated at Day 0 and Day 28, and serum collected before vaccine administration at Day 0, Day 28 and Day 42, and assessed based on division into a placebo or vaccine-receiving groups, with or without a prior infection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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