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Review
. 2023 Feb 20;15(2):577.
doi: 10.3390/v15020577.

HIV and COVID-19 Co-Infection: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment

Dimitris Basoulis  1 , Elpida Mastrogianni  2 , Pantazis-Michail Voutsinas  2 , Mina Psichogiou  2
Affiliations
Review

HIV and COVID-19 Co-Infection: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment

Dimitris Basoulis et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global medical emergency with a significant socio-economic impact. People with HIV (PWH), due to the underlying immunosuppression and the particularities of HIV stigma, are considered a vulnerable population at high risk. In this review, we report what is currently known in the available literature with regards to the clinical implications of the overlap of the two epidemics. PWH share the same risk factors for severe COVID-19 as the general population (age, comorbidities), but virological and immunological status also plays an important role. Clinical presentation does not differ significantly, but there are some opportunistic infections that can mimic or co-exist with COVID-19. PWH should be prime candidates for preventative COVID-19 treatments when they are available, but in the setting of resistant strains, this might be not easy. When considering small-molecule medications, physicians need to always remember to address potential interactions with ART, and when considering immunosuppressants, they need to be aware of potential risks for opportunistic infections. COVID-19 shares similarities with HIV in how the public perceives patients-with fear of the unknown and prejudice. There are opportunities for HIV treatment hidden in COVID-19 research with the leaps gained in both monoclonal antibody and vaccine development.

Keywords: COVID-19; HIV; clinical characteristics; epidemiology; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

M.P. has received honoraria from Gilead Sciences, Pfizer Hellas. Other authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Current guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19. Red: this treatment is no longer recommended. Orange: this treatment is recommended lacking other options or in specific regions and populations. Green: this treatment is recommended for all patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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