Effect of chlorantraniliprole on soil bacterial and fungal diversity and community structure

Abstract

Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is an insecticide with low toxicity and high efficiency, which is widely used in agriculture in China. However, its potential ecological risks remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of different CAP concentrations on bacterial and fungal communities in soil based on high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that CAP application had no significant effect on soil bacterial and fungal diversity, but altered the bacterial and fungal community structure. In particular, the soil bacterial and fungal community structure in the low CAP concentration treatment group exhibited large variability. Compared with 0 day, the phylum level of bacteria changed at 115 days, and fungi changed at 175 days, indicating that soil microbial community might have significant correlation with CAP degradation in soil. Correlation analysis between soil properties and microbial communities showed that TN, TP, and NO₃-N were three key factors that significantly influenced microbial community structure. These results provide basic data for studying the effects of pesticides on ecosystem and potential remediation strategies of polluted soil.

Keywords: Chlorantraniliprole (CAP); High-throughput sequencing; Microbial communities; Soil.

Fig. 1

Dissipation dynamics of CAP in soil at different initial CAP concentrations. Data are the means of triplicate measurements.

Fig. 2

Dynamics of soil bacterial community diversity. C1, C2, and C3 correspond to 0.8, 4.0, and 20.0 mg/kg CAP treatment, respectively; CK indicates blank control group (acetone only); D0, D20, D50, D115, D175, and D235 denote soil samples collected on days 0, 20, 50, 115, 175, and 235, respectively. (Means with different small letters are significantly different from one another under different CAP concentration treatments.)

Fig. 3

Dynamics of soil fungal community diversity. C1, C2, and C3 correspond to 0.8, 4.0, and 20.0 mg/kg CAP treatment, respectively; CK indicates blank control group (acetone only); D0, D20, D50, D115, D175, and D235 denote soil samples collected on days 0, 20, 50, 115, 175, and 235, respectively. (Means with different small letters are significantly different from one another under different CAP concentration treatments.)

Fig. 4

Taxonomic classification of bacterial community at the phylum(a) and genus(b) levels.

Fig. 5

Taxonomic classification of fungal community at the phylum(a) and genus(b) levels.

Fig. 6

PCA of soil bacterial community composition under different treatments at various times. C1, C2, and C3 correspond to 0.8, 4.0, and 20.0 mg/kg CAP treatment, respectively; CK indicates blank control group (acetone only); D0, D20, D50, D115, D175, and D235 denote soil samples collected on days 0, 20, 50, 115, 175, and 235, respectively.

Fig. 7

CCA of soil bacterial community and environmental variables under different treatments at various sampling times. The length of the arrow represents the intensity of the influence of the environmental factor on the community. The longer the arrow is, the greater is the influence of the environmental factor. C1, C2, and C3 correspond to 0.8, 4.0, and 20.0 mg/kg CAP treatment, respectively; CK indicates blank control group (acetone only); D0, D20, D50, D115, D175, and D235 denote soil samples collected on days 0, 20, 50, 115, 175, and 235, respectively.

Fig. 8

PCA of fungal community composition in different soil samples. C1, C2, and C3 correspond to 0.8, 4.0, and 20.0 mg/kg CAP treatment, respectively; CK indicates blank control group (acetone only); D0, D20, D50, D115, D175, and D235 denote soil samples collected on days 0, 20, 50, 115, 175, and 235, respectively.

Fig. 9

CCA of soil fungal community and environmental variables under different treatments at various times. C1, C2, and C3 correspond to 0.8, 4.0, and 20.0 mg/kg CAP treatment, respectively; CK indicates blank control group (acetone only); D0, D20, D50, D115, D175, and D235 denote soil samples collected on days 0, 20, 50, 115, 175, and 235, respectively.