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Review
. 2023 Feb 1;27(2):101-105.
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0393.

'One Health´ approach to end zoonotic TB

Affiliations
Review

'One Health´ approach to end zoonotic TB

S Villa et al. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. .

Abstract

Mycobacterium bovis has a wide host range causing TB in animals, both in wildlife and cattle (bovine TB bTB), and in humans (zoonotic TB zTB). The real burden of bovine and zoonotic TB (b/zTB) remains unknown due to diagnostic challenges. Although progress has been made to reduce the burden of TB, b/zTB has been neglected in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with little improvement in prevention, diagnosis or treatment. Using Tanzania as a case study, because of its high TB burden, large wildlife diversity and wide reliance on livestock, we developed an approach to comprehensively estimate the burden and implement multidisciplinary actions against b/zTB. We performed a review of the literature on b/zTB, but there is a lack of available data on the b/zTB burden in Tanzania and, notably, on epidemiological indicators other than incidence. We propose a five-action programme to address b/zTB in Tanzania, and we believe our proposed approach could benefit other LMICs as it operates by implementing and strengthening surveillance and health delivery. The resulting knowledge and system organisation could further prevent and mitigate the effects of such conditions on human and animal health, livestock production, population livelihood and the economy.

Mycobacterium bovis a un large éventail d’hôtes et provoque la TB chez les animaux, tant chez les animaux sauvages et le bétail (TB bovine [bTB]) que chez l’homme (TB zoonotique [zTB]). Le fardeau réel de la TB bovine et zoonotique (b/zTB) reste inconnu en raison des difficultés de diagnostic. Bien que des progrès aient été accomplis pour réduire le fardeau de la TB, la b/zTB a été négligée dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire (LMICs), avec peu d’améliorations en matière de prévention, de diagnostic ou de traitement. En utilisant la Tanzanie comme étude de cas, nous avons développé une approche pour estimer de manière exhaustive ce fardeau et mettre en œuvre des actions multidisciplinaires contre la b/zTB. Nous avons effectué une revue de la littérature disponible sur la b/zTB en Tanzanie en raison de l’important fardeau de la TB dans ce pays, de la grande diversité de sa faune sauvage et de sa grande dépendance vis-à-vis du bétail. Les données relatives au fardeau de la b/zTB en Tanzanie sont limitées ; il existe notamment un manque d’indicateurs épidémiologiques autres que l’incidence. Nous proposons un programme en cinq actions pour lutter contre la b/zTB en Tanzanie, que nous pensons pertinent pour d’autres pays. D’autres LMICs pourraient profiter de cette approche, car elle permet de mettre en œuvre et de renforcer la surveillance et les services de santé dédiés à la b/zTB. Les connaissances et l’organisation du système qui en résulteront pourraient permettre de prévenir et d’atténuer les effets de ces conditions sur la santé humaine et animale, la production animale, les moyens de subsistance de la population et l’économie.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure
Figure
Regions of Tanzania with atleast one study describing the detection of M. bovis among animals, humans or both from 1997–2017.,,– Figure was produced using QGIS (version 3.16.16).

References

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