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. 2023 Feb 28;5(1):3.
doi: 10.1186/s42522-023-00078-1.

A cross-sectional survey on fruit bat-human interaction in Pakistan; one health perspective

Touseef Ahmed  1   2 , Osama Bin Amjad  3 , Haseeb Ahmed  3 , Shafique Ahmed  4 , Jamil Ahmed Ansari  5 , Robert Ricketson  6 , Muhammad Farooq Tahir  7
Affiliations

A cross-sectional survey on fruit bat-human interaction in Pakistan; one health perspective

Touseef Ahmed et al. One Health Outlook. .

Abstract

Objective: Several factors, such as residential area topography, population density, and lack of infrastructure, were hypothesized to contribute toward respondents' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding disease transmission. The present study was designed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of human-fruit bat interaction by student respondents located in ten districts within the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces in Pakistan.

Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by trained enumerators in academic institutions using a structured questionnaire among student respondents (n = 1466), living in two topographically distinct (Mountainous and Plain) residential regions of the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) provinces in Pakistan regarding their history of bat encounters.

Results: Our study revealed that 71.4% of the 1466 respondents had observed bats in their geographic region. 21% of our survey respondents reported bat bites incidents over their lifetime, but only 40% actively sought medical care for wound management despite reporting they had a close family member that had contracted rabies (27-35%). Our generalized linear models (GLMs) highlighted that a respondent residing in a residential region had a greater association with reporting a suspected bat bite over their lifetime and reported rabies victims in both near and extended family members (OR = -0,85, p-value = 0.03, 95% CI). This appeared to be due to delaying consulting a doctor or medical facility for treatment following a suspected bat bite in the topographic residential group as compared to the respondents in the provincial residential group (OR 1.12, p-value = 0.04, 95% CI).

Conclusion: Our findings indicate the necessity of a One Health comprehensive surveillance system in Pakistan for emerging and re-emerging zoonotic pathogens in Pteropodidae.

Keywords: Human bat interaction; KAP survey; Megabats; Nipah; One health; Rabies.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Map of study districts in mountainous and plain topograhical backgrounds in Punjab and Khypber Pakthunkhwa province of Pakistan, A Cross-Sectional Survey on Fruit Bat-Human Interaction in Pakistan; One Health Perspective, 2022
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Risk prediction in bat human interactions for two different residential background, A Cross-Sectional Survey on Fruit Bat-Human Interaction in Pakistan; One Health Perspective, 2022
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Logistic regression model cofficients plots for risk prediction in bat human interacting in pakistan, A Cross-Sectional Survey on Fruit Bat-Human Interaction in Pakistan; One Health Perspective, 2022
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