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. 2023 Apr 1;207(7):819-837.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.202301-0106PP.

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary

Alvar Agustí  1 , Bartolome R Celli  2 , Gerard J Criner  3 , David Halpin  4 , Antonio Anzueto  5 , Peter Barnes  6 , Jean Bourbeau  7 , MeiLan K Han  8 , Fernando J Martinez  9 , Maria Montes de Oca  10 , Kevin Mortimer  11 , Alberto Papi  12 , Ian Pavord  13 , Nicolas Roche  14 , Sundeep Salvi  15 , Don D Sin  16 , Dave Singh  17 , Robert Stockley  18 , M Victorina López Varela  19 , Jadwiga A Wedzicha  6 , Claus F Vogelmeier  20
Affiliations

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary

Alvar Agustí et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Proposed taxonomy (etiotypes) for COPD. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Reprinted with permission of www.goldcopd.org from Reference .
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
GOLD ABE assessment tool. Exacerbation history refers to exacerbations experienced the previous year. CAT = COPD Assessment Test; GOLD = Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; mMRC = modified Medical Research Dyspnea Questionnaire. Reprinted with permission of www.goldcopd.org from Reference .
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Initial pharmacological treatment. CAT = COPD Assessment Test; eos = eosinophils; ICS = inhaled corticosteroid; LABA = long-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonist; LAMA = long-acting antimuscarinic agonist; mMRC = modified Medical Research Dyspnea Questionnaire. Reprinted with permission of www.goldcopd.org from Reference .
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Follow-up pharmacological treatment. For definition of abbreviations, see Figure 3. Reprinted with permission of www.goldcopd.org from Reference .
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Factors to consider when adding treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) to long-acting bronchodilators (note that the scenario is different when considering ICS withdrawal). COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Reprinted with permission of www.goldcopd.org from Reference .
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Evidence supporting a reduction in mortality with pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacotherapy in patients with COPD. Superscript numerals are reference citations as follows: 1 (89, 192), 2 (193), 3 (156, 157, 194), 4 (195, 196), 5 (197), and 6 (198). CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ETHOS = Efficacy and Safety of Triple Therapy in Obstructive Lung Disease; HR = hazard ratio; IMPACT = Informing the Pathway of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treatment; MRC = Medical Research Council; NOTT = Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial; RCT = randomized clinical trial; RR = risk ratio. Reprinted with permission of www.goldcopd.org from Reference .
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Surgical and interventional therapies in advanced emphysema. Homogeneous emphysema was defined as a <10% difference in emphysematous destruction between the targeted and ipsilateral nontargeted lobe undergoing lung reduction as measured using quantitative chest CT imaging. By contrast, a greater than 10% difference between the targeted and nontargeted lobe is considered a heterogeneous pattern of emphysematous destruction. CT = computed tomography. Reprinted with permission of www.goldcopd.org from Reference .
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Classification of the severity of COPD exacerbations. ABG should show new-onset/worsening hypercapnia or acidosis, as a few patients may have chronic hypercapnia. Adapted from Reference . COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECOPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Reprinted with permission of www.goldcopd.org from Reference .
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References

    1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. 2023. https://goldcopd.org/2023-gold-report-2/
    1. Celli B, Fabbri L, Criner G, Martinez FJ, Mannino D, Vogelmeier C, et al. Definition and nomenclature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: time for its revision. Am J Respir Crit Care Med . 2022;206:1317–1325. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. 2022. www.goldcopd.org
    1. Agustí A, Melén E, DeMeo DL, Breyer-Kohansal R, Faner R. Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: understanding the contributions of gene-environment interactions across the lifespan. Lancet Respir Med . 2022;10:512–524. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kohansal R, Martinez-Camblor P, Agustí A, Buist AS, Mannino DM, Soriano JB. The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction revisited: an analysis of the Framingham offspring cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med . 2009;180:3–10. - PubMed

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