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. 2023 Feb 13:14:1132606.
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1132606. eCollection 2023.

Comparative mitogenomes reveal diverse and novel gene rearrangements in the genus Meteorus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Xiaohan Shu  1   2   3   4 , Ruizhong Yuan  2   3   4 , Zhilin Xia  5 , Gui Gao  5 , Lei Yang  5   6 , Zhirong Sun  5 , Qing Mu  5 , Pu Tang  1   2   3   4 , Xuexin Chen  1   2   3   4
Affiliations

Comparative mitogenomes reveal diverse and novel gene rearrangements in the genus Meteorus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Xiaohan Shu et al. Front Genet. .

Abstract

Meteorus Haliday, 1835 is a cosmopolitan genus within Braconidae (Hymenoptera). They are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Coleoptera or Lepidoptera larvae. Only one mitogenome of this genus was available. Here, we sequenced and annotated three mitogenomes of Meteorus species, and found that the tRNA gene rearrangements in these mitogenomes were rich and diverse. Compared with the ancestral organization, only seven tRNAs (trnW, trnY, trnL2, trnH, trnT, trnP and trnV) were conserved and trnG had its own unique location in the four mitogenomes. This dramatic tRNA rearrangement was not observed in mitogenomes of other insect groups before. In addition, the tRNA cluster (trnA-trnR-trnN-trnS1-trnE-trnF) between nad3 and nad5 was rearranged into two patterns, i.e., trnE-trnA-trnR-trnN-trnS1 and trnA-trnR-trnS1-trnE-trnF-trnN. The phylogenetic results showed that the Meteorus species formed a clade within the subfamily Euphorinae, and were close to Zele (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae). In the Meteorus, two clades were reconstructed: M. sp. USNM and Meteorus pulchricornis forming one clade while the remaining two species forming another clade. This phylogenetic relationship also matched the tRNA rearrangement patterns. The diverse and phylogenetic signal of tRNA rearrangements within one genus provided insights into tRNA rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome at genus/species levels in insects.

Keywords: Braconidae; Meteorus; gene rearrangement; mitochondrial genome; tRNA gene.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author ZX, GG, LY, ZS, and QM were employed by Guizhou Province Tobacco Companies Qian xinan Municipal Tobacco Company. Author LY was also employed by Tobacco Leaf Purchase Center, Hunan China Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Mitochondrial maps of three Meteorus species.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) of three Meteorus species. Codon families are provided on the X-axis along with the different combinations of synonymous codons that code for that amino acid. RSCU is defined on the Y-axis. MP, Meteorus pulchricornis; M1, Meteorus sp. 1; M2, Meteorus sp. 2.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Mitochondrial gene order in Meteorus genus and ancestral insect. Genes are transcribed from left to right except those underlined, which have the opposite transcriptional orientation.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Phylogenetic analyses of Braconidae based on nucleotide datasets of 13 PCGs. The scale bar corresponds to the estimated number of substitutions per site. Numbers separated by a slash on the node are posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap value (BV).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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