Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Feb 21:2023:8056462.
doi: 10.1155/2023/8056462. eCollection 2023.

Antioxidant Compounds in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Natural, Hybrid, and Synthetic Products

Maryam Hatami  1 , Mojtaba Mortazavi  1 , Zahra Baseri  1 , Batool Khani  1 , Mehdi Rahimi  1 , Sahar Babaei  1
Affiliations
Review

Antioxidant Compounds in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Natural, Hybrid, and Synthetic Products

Maryam Hatami et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. .

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is associated with cognitive dysfunction and memory lapse has become a health concern. Various targets and pathways have been involved in AD's progress, such as deficit of acetylcholine (ACh), oxidative stress, inflammation, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits, and biometal dyshomeostasis. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that stress oxidative participation in an early stage of AD and the generated ROS could enable neurodegenerative disease leading to neuronal cell death. Hence, antioxidant therapies are applied in treating AD as a beneficial strategy. This review refers to the development and use of antioxidant compounds based on natural products, hybrid designs, and synthetic compounds. The results of using these antioxidant compounds were discussed with the given examples, and future directions for the development of antioxidants were evaluated.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Natural compounds with phenolic structures.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Salvianolic acid in the treatment of AD. (b) Flavonoid compounds in AD.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Other structures in natural compounds.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Structure of biphenyl-3-oxo-1,2,4-triazine linked piperazine derivatives 19. (b) Structures of tacrine-based hybrids 20 and 21.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structure of seleno-dihydropyrimidinones derivatives.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Sippl W., Contreras J.-M., Parrot I., Rival Y. M., Wermuth C. G. Structure-based 3D QSAR and design of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design . 2001;15(5):395–410. doi: 10.1023/a:1011150215288. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Knopman D. S. Current treatment of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports . 2006;6(5):365–371. doi: 10.1007/s11910-996-0016-9. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Mesulam M.-M., Guillozet A., Shaw P., Levey A., Duysen E., Lockridge O. Acetylcholinesterase knockouts establish central cholinergic pathways and can use butyrylcholinesterase to hydrolyze acetylcholine. Neuroscience . 2002;110(4):627–639. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00613-3. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Castellani R. J., Plascencia-Villa G., Perry G. The amyloid cascade and Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics: theory versus observation. Laboratory Investigation . 2019;99(7):958–970. doi: 10.1038/s41374-019-0231-z. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Gaggelli E., Kozlowski H., Valensin D., Valensin G. Copper homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer’s, prion, and Parkinson’s diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) Chemical Reviews . 2006;106(6):1995–2044. doi: 10.1021/cr040410w. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources