Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Feb 15:10:1067072.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1067072. eCollection 2023.

Burden and trend of cardiovascular diseases among people under 20 years in China, Western Pacific region, and the world: An analysis of the global burden of disease study in 2019

Yue Zhang  1 , Changjian Lin  2 , Ming Liu  3   4 , Wei Zhang  5 , Xiaoyun Xun  5 , Jinyi Wu  6 , Xiaopan Li  3 , Zheng Luo  5
Affiliations

Burden and trend of cardiovascular diseases among people under 20 years in China, Western Pacific region, and the world: An analysis of the global burden of disease study in 2019

Yue Zhang et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

Objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global public health concern, but its disease burden and trend have been poorly studied in people younger than 20 years. This study aimed to fill this gap by evaluating the CVD burden and trend in China, Western Pacific Region, and the world from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: We applied the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) analytical tools to compare the incidence, mortality, and prevalence of CVD, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among people younger than 20 years from 1990 to 2019 in China, the Western Pacific Region, and the world. The trends of disease burden between 1990 and 2019 evaluated using the average annual percent change (AAPC) and the 95% uncertainty interval (UI) were reported.

Results: Globally, in 2019, there were 2.37 (95% UI: 1.82 to 3.05) million incidence of CVD, 16.85 (95% UI: 12.56 to 22.03) million prevalence of CVD, and 74386.73 (95% UI: 64543.82 to 86310.24) deaths due to CVD among people under 20 years of age. The trends for DALYs decreased among children and adolescents in China, Western Pacific Region, and the world (AAPC = -4.29, 95% CI: -4.38% to -4.20%; AAPC = -3.37, 95% CI: -3.48% to -3.26%; AAPC = -2.17, 95% CI: -2.24% to -2.09%; p < 0.001, respectively) between 1990 and 2019. With the increase in age, the AAPC values of mortality, YLLs, and DALYs showed a notable downward trend. The AAPC values of mortality, YLLs, and DALYs in female patients were significantly greater than those in male patients. For all subtypes of CVD, the AAPC values showed a downward trend, with the largest reduction observed for stroke. From 1990 to 2019, a decline in the DALY rate for all CVD risk factors was observed, with a significant decrease in environmental/occupational risk factors.

Conclusion: Our study shows a decline in the burden and trend of CVD among people younger than 20 years, which reflects the success in reducing disability, premature death, and the early incidence of CVD. More effective and targeted preventive policies and interventions aimed at mitigating preventable CVD burden and addressing risk factors from childhood are urgently needed.

Keywords: average annual percent change; burden of disease; cardiovascular diseases; disability-adjusted life years; trend analysis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the article reported in this study.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Number, rate, and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of DALYs among people with CVD 20  years.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Average annual percentage change (AAPC) of incidence, prevalence, deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs of CVD in people younger than 20  years stratified by gender for 1990–2019 in China, the Western Pacific Region, and the world.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Long-term trends and AAPC values of DALYs among people before 20  years for all subtypes of CVD from 1990 to 2019 in China, the Western Pacific Region, and the world.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Long-term trends and AAPC values of CVD-related DALYs attributable to risk factors among people under 20 years from 1990 to 2019 in China, the Western Pacific Region, and the world.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Fuster V. The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risks: a compass for global action. J Am Coll Cardiol. (2020) 76:2980–1. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.021 - DOI - PubMed
    1. The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China . Report on cardiovascular health and diseases burden in China: an updated summary of 2020. Chin Circ J. (2021) 36:521–45.
    1. The State Council of the People’s Republic of China . State council issues plan to prevent chronic diseases (2018). Available at: http://english.gov.cn/policies/latest_releases/2017/02/14/content_281475...
    1. Andersson C, Vasan RS. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in young individuals. Nat Rev Cardiol. (2018) 15:230–40. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.154 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, et al. . Heart disease and stroke Statistics-2017 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. (2017) 135:e146–603. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485, PMID: - DOI - PMC - PubMed