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. 2023 Feb 15:11:1068664.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1068664. eCollection 2023.

Global, regional, and national HIV/AIDS disease burden levels and trends in 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease 2019 study

Xuebin Tian  1   2 , Jingjing Chen  3 , Xi Wang  4 , Yiwen Xie  1   2 , Xiaodi Zhang  1   2 , Dating Han  1   2 , Haijing Fu  1   2 , Wanpeng Yin  1   2 , Nanping Wu  1   2
Affiliations

Global, regional, and national HIV/AIDS disease burden levels and trends in 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease 2019 study

Xuebin Tian et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Since the first HIV/AIDS case appeared in 1980s, HIV/AIDS has been the focus of international attention. As a major public health problem, there are epidemiological uncertainties about the future of HIV/AIDS. It is important to monitor the global statistics of HIV/AIDS prevalence, deaths, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), and risk factors for adequate prevention and control.

Methods: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database was used to analyze the burden of HIV/AIDS in 1990-2019. By extracting global, regional, and national data on HIV/AIDS prevalence, deaths, and DALYs, we described the distribution by age and sex, explored the risk factors, and analyzed the trends in HIV/AIDS.

Results: In 2019, there were 36.85 million HIV/AIDS cases (95% UI: 35.15-38.86 million), 863.84 thousand deaths (95% UI: 78.61-99.60 thousand), and 47.63 million (95% UI: 42.63-55.65 million) DALYs. The global age-standardized HIV/AIDS prevalence, death, and DALY rates were 454.32 (95% UI: 433.76-478.59), 10.72 (95% UI: 9.70-12.39), and 601.49 (95% UI: 536.16-703.92) per 100,000 cases, respectively. In 2019, the global age-standardized HIV/AIDS prevalence, death, and DALY rates increased by 307.26 (95% UI: 304.45-312.63), 4.34 (95% UI: 3.78-4.90), and 221.91 (95% UI: 204.36-239.47) per 100,000 cases, respectively, compared to 1990. Age-standardized prevalence, death, and DALY rates decreased in high sociodemographic index (SDI) areas. High age-standardized rates were observed in low sociodemographic index areas, while low age-standardized rates were observed in high sociodemographic index areas. In 2019, the high age-standardized prevalence, death, and DALY rates were predominant in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa, and global DALYs peaked in 2004 and subsequently decreased. The highest global HIV/AIDS DALYs were in the 40-44 age group. The main risk factors affecting HIV/AIDS DALY rates included behavioral risks, drug use, partner violence, and unsafe sex.

Conclusions: HIV/AIDS disease burden and risk factors vary by region, sex, and age. As access to health care increases across countries and treatment for HIV/AIDS infection improves, the HIV/AIDS disease burden is concentrated in areas with low SDIs, particularly in South Africa. Regional differences should be fully considered to target optimal prevention strategies and treatment options based on risk factors.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS; burden of disease; deaths; disability-adjusted life years; prevalence; risk factors; trend.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Global (A), female (B), and male (C) prevalence cases, deaths, DALYs and age-standardized prevalence rate, death rate, DALY rate due to HIV/AIDS from 1990 to 2019.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Global age-standardized YLD (A) and age-standardized YLL (B) from 1990 to 2019.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Global age-standardized YLDs rate and age-standardized YLLs rate as a percentage of DALYS, 1990–2019.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Age-standardized prevalence, death, and DALY rates by both (A), in females (B), and males (C) in different SID areas.
Figure 5
Figure 5
DALYs (A) and age-standardized DALY rates (B) in 21 disease burden regions from 1990 to 2019.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A) Age-standard prevalence rates, (B) age-standard death rates, (C) age-standard DALY rates of HIV/AIDS per 100,000 cases in 2019 by country.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Global age-standardized DALY rates by age.
Figure 8
Figure 8
DALY age-standardized rates for males (A) and females (B) by age group for 21 disease burden regions in 2019.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Male (A) and female (B) DALY rates by age in different SDI areas in 2019.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Risk factor analysis in 21 disease burden regions in 2019.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Analysis of risk factors for different SDI areas by both (A), in males (B), and females (C) in 2019.
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