Artificial intelligence in uveitis: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Uveitis is a disease complex characterized by intraocular inflammation of the uvea that is an important cause of blindness and social morbidity. With the dawn of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning integration in health care, their application in uveitis creates an avenue to improve screening and diagnosis. Our review identified the use of artificial intelligence in studies of uveitis and classified them as diagnosis support, finding detection, screening, and standardization of uveitis nomenclature. The overall performance of models is poor, with limited datasets and a lack of validation studies and publicly available data and codes. We conclude that AI holds great promise to assist with the diagnosis and detection of ocular findings of uveitis, but further studies and large representative datasets are needed to guarantee generalizability and fairness.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Deep learning; Toxoplasmosis; Uveitis.