Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Aug;37(4):786-793.
doi: 10.1111/fcp.12890. Epub 2023 Mar 14.

Investigation of the effect of sugammadex on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in C6 cell line and the roles played by nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways

Hasan Dirik  1 , Ziad Joha  2
Affiliations

Investigation of the effect of sugammadex on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in C6 cell line and the roles played by nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways

Hasan Dirik et al. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2023 Aug.

Abstract

This experiment was intended to evaluate the effect of sugammadex on the cytotoxicity induced by glutamate, involving the nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways. C6 glioma cells were used in the study. Glutamate was given to cells in the glutamate group for 24 h. Sugammadex at different concentrations was given to cells in the sugammadex group for 24 h. Cells in the sugammadex + glutamate group were pre-treated with sugammadex at various concentrations for 1 h and then exposed to glutamate for 24 h. XTT assay was used to assess cell viability. Levels of nitric oxide (NO), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), total antioxidant (TAS), and total oxidant (TOS) in the cells were calculated using commercial kits. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Sugammadex at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL significantly enhanced the cell viability in C6 cells after the cytotoxicity induced by glutamate (p < 0.001). Moreover, sugammadex considerably decreased the levels of nNOS NO and TOS and the number of apoptotic cells and increased the level of TAS (p < 0.001). Sugammadex has protective and antioxidant properties on cytotoxicity and could be an effective supplement for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson if further research in vivo supports this claim.

Keywords: C6 rat glioma; glutamate; nitric oxide; oxidative stress; sugammadex.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

REFERENCES

    1. Şahin B, Joha Z, Güneş H. Protective effect of ethosuximide against glutamate induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in C6 glial cells. Int J Sci Technol Res. 2021;7(8):77-84. doi:10.7176/JSTR/7-08-10
    1. Lipton SA, Rosenberg PA. Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders. N Engl J Med. 2010;330(9):613-622. doi:10.1056/NEJM199403033300907
    1. Ge L, Liu S, Rubin L, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. Research Progress on neuroprotection of insulin-like growth factor-1 towards glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Cell. 2022;11(4):666. doi:10.3390/cells11040666
    1. Matute C, Domercq M, Sánchez-Gómez MV. Glutamate-mediated glial injury: mechanisms and clinical importance. Glia. 2006;53(2):212-224. doi:10.1002/GLIA.20275
    1. Ludhiadch A, Sharma R, Muriki A, Munshi A. Role of calcium homeostasis in ischemic stroke: a review. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2022;21(1):52-61. doi:10.2174/1871527320666210212141232

LinkOut - more resources