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. 2023 Mar 3:41:e2021400.
doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021400. eCollection 2023.

Prevalence of rhinitis and associated factors in adolescents and adults: a Global Asthma Network study

Marilyn Urrutia-Pereira  1 , Lucas Pitrez Mocelin  1 , Philippa Ellwood  2 , Luis Garcia-Marcos  3 , Laura Simon  1 , Pietro Rinelli  1 , Herberto José Chong-Neto  4 , Dirceu Solé  5
Affiliations

Prevalence of rhinitis and associated factors in adolescents and adults: a Global Asthma Network study

Marilyn Urrutia-Pereira et al. Rev Paul Pediatr. .

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: To determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and associated factors in adolescents and in their parents/guardians.

Methods: A cross-sectional study, applying a standardized and validated written questionnaire. Adolescents (13-14 years old; n=1,058) and their parents/guardians (mean age=42.1 years old; n=896) living in the city of Uruguaiana, southern Brazil, responded to the Global Asthma Network standard questionnaires.

Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adolescents was 28.0%, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, 21.3%, and severe forms of allergic rhinitis, 7.8%. In the adults, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 31.7%. Some associated factors with allergic rhinitis in adolescents include low physical exercise (OR 2.16; 95%CI 1.15-4.05), having only one older sibling (OR 1.94; 95CI 1.01-3.72) and daily meat consumption (OR 7.43; 95% CI 1.53-36.11). In contrast, consuming sugar (OR 0.34; 95%CI 0.12-0.93) or olive oil (OR 0.33; 95%CI 0.13-0 .81) once or twice a week, and eating vegetables daily (OR 0.39; 95%CI 0.15-0.99) were considered factors negatively associated. In adults, exposure to fungi at home (OR 5.25; 95%CI 1.01-27.22) and consumption of meat once or twice a week (OR 46.45; 95CI 2.12-1020.71) were factors associated with the medical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, while low education (OR 0.25; 95%CI 0.07-0.92) was found to be a factor negatively associated.

Conclusions: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adolescents is high, as well as its medical diagnosis in adults living in Uruguaiana. Environmental factors, especially food habits, were associated with findings in both groups.

Objetivo:: Determinar a prevalência de rinite alérgica e fatores associados em adolescentes e em seus pais/responsáveis.

Métodos:: Estudo transversal, com aplicação de questionário escrito padronizado e validado. Adolescentes (13–14 anos; n=1.058) e seus pais/responsáveis (média de idade=42,1 anos; n=896) residentes na cidade de Uruguaiana, Sul do Brasil, responderam aos questionários padrão da Global Asthma Network.

Resultados:: A prevalência de rinite alérgica em adolescentes foi de 28,0%, a de rinoconjuntivite alérgica foi de 21,3% e a de formas graves de rinite alérgica, de 7,8%. Nos adultos, a prevalência de rinite alérgica foi de 31,7%. Alguns fatores associados à rinite alérgica em adolescentes incluem fazer pouco exercício físico (odds ratio — OR 2,16; intervalo de confiança — IC95% 1,15–4,05), ter apenas um irmão mais velho (OR 1,94; IC95% 1,01–3,72) e consumir carne diariamente (OR 7,43; IC95% 1,53–36,11). Por outro lado, consumir açúcar (OR 0,34; IC5% 0,12–0,93) ou azeite de oliva (OR 0,33 IC95% 0,13–0,81) uma ou duas vezes por semana e comer vegetais diariamente (OR 0,39; IC95% 0,15–0,99) foram considerados fatores associados negativamente. Em adultos, a exposição a fungos no domicílio (OR 5,25; IC95% 1,01–27,22) e o consumo de carne uma ou duas vezes por semana (OR 46,45; IC95 2,12–1020,71) foram fatores associados ao diagnóstico médico de rinite alérgica, enquanto a baixa escolaridade (OR 0,25; IC95% 0,07–0,92) se mostrou como fator associado negativamente.

Conclusões:: A prevalência de rinite alérgica em adolescentes é alta, assim como seu diagnóstico médico em adultos residentes em Uruguaiana. Fatores ambientais, especialmente hábitos alimentares, foram associados aos achados em ambos os grupos.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interests The authors declare there is no conflict of interests.

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