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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2023 Mar 8;23(1):229.
doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09186-0.

Cost consequences of task-shifting intravitreal injections from physicians to nurses in a tertiary hospital in Norway

Stine Bolme  1   2 , Dordi Austeng  3   4 , Tora Sund Morken  3   4 , Turid Follestad  5 , Vidar Halsteinli  6
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Cost consequences of task-shifting intravitreal injections from physicians to nurses in a tertiary hospital in Norway

Stine Bolme et al. BMC Health Serv Res. .

Abstract

Background: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor is a medicine administered intravitreally by an injection to maintain visual acuity in patients with a variety of retinal diseases. The demand for this treatment has grown considerably in the westernized world the last two decades and will continue to increase due to an aging population. Because of the high volume, injections seize enormous resources and represent high costs for both hospitals and society. Task-shifting of injections from physicians to nurses may be a means to reduce such costs, however the magnitude of possible savings has been poorly investigated. To this end we investigated changes in the hospital costs per injection, six-year cost projections of physician- versus nurse-administered injections for a Norwegian tertiary hospital and we compared the societal costs per patient per year.

Methods: Patients (n = 318) were randomized to either physician- or nurse administered injections, and data were prospectively collected. Hospital costs per injection were calculated as the sum of training costs, personnel time and running expenses. The number of injections for the years 2014 - 21 from a Norwegian tertiary hospital was combined with age group specific injection prevalence and population projections to calculate cost projections for 2022 - 27. Societal costs per patient were calculated as the sum of hospital costs, transport costs for patients, caregivers' use of time, costs of ophthalmology consultations and community-based homecare.

Results: The hospital costs per injection were 5.5 € higher for physicians compared to nurses (281.6 € versus 276.1 €). Cost projections estimated an annual hospital saving of task-shifting of 48 921 € for 2022 - 27. Societal costs per patient did not differ significantly between the two groups (mean 4988 € vs 5418 €, p = 0.398).

Conclusion: Task-shifting of injections from physicians to nurses can reduce hospital costs and increase the flexibility of physician resources. The annual savings are modest, but increased demand for injections might increase future cost savings. To achieve future savings for society, organizing ophthalmology consultations and injections on the same day to reduce the number of visits might be a solution.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02359149 (09/02/2015).

Keywords: Anti-VEGF injections; Cost projections; Hospital costs; Physicians versus nurses; Societal costs; Task-shifting.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no financial competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A 10-day training program to teach physicians and nurses how to administer injections. EPR = electronic patient record
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Number of administered and projected injections at St. Olavs Hospital
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Estimated cost savings after task-shifting injections from physicians to nurses
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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