American society of pediatric otolaryngology vascular anomalies task force review of tongue venous malformations: Techniques, pearls, and pitfalls

Abstract

Management of tongue venous malformations can be challenging in the pediatric population due to their heterogeneity in presentation, extent of involvement and functional compromise. It is important to recognize the value of various treatment options in order to guide management of each patient in an individualized fashion. Here we describe a series of patients with tongue venous malformations that are managed using diverse modalities to illustrate the relative benefits and risks of each technique. The challenges of venous malformation treatment can be mitigated by tailoring the approach to each individual patient and malformation. This case series also emphasizes the need and importance of working in the setting of a multidisciplinary vascular anomalies team.

Keywords: Glossectomy; Glue embolization; Sclerotherapy; Tongue; Vascular anomalies; Venous malformations.