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Review
. 2023 Mar 10;11(1):11.
doi: 10.1186/s40635-023-00491-w.

Bioengineered extracellular vesicles: future of precision medicine for sepsis

Aina Areny-Balagueró #  1   2 , Anna Solé-Porta #  3 , Marta Camprubí-Rimblas  4   5   6 , Elena Campaña-Duel  4 , Adrián Ceccato  4   6 , Anna Roig  7 , Daniel Closa  8 , Antonio Artigas  4   5   6   9
Affiliations
Review

Bioengineered extracellular vesicles: future of precision medicine for sepsis

Aina Areny-Balagueró et al. Intensive Care Med Exp. .

Abstract

Sepsis is a syndromic response to infection and is frequently a final common pathway to death from many infectious diseases worldwide. The complexity and high heterogeneity of sepsis hinder the possibility to treat all patients with the same protocol, requiring personalized management. The versatility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their contribution to sepsis progression bring along promises for one-to-one tailoring sepsis treatment and diagnosis. In this article, we critically review the endogenous role of EVs in sepsis progression and how current advancements have improved EVs-based therapies toward their translational future clinical application, with innovative strategies to enhance EVs effect. More complex approaches, including hybrid and fully synthetic nanocarriers that mimic EVs, are also discussed. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies are examined through the review to offer a general outlook of the current and future perspectives of EV-based sepsis diagnosis and treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Non-cell-based methods for the modification of EVs cargo. EVs extracellular vesicles
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Cell-based methods for the modification of EVs cargo or surface markers and for the enhancement of their natural effect. A Endogenous loading; B Genetic modification of parental cells; C Priming of parental cells. EVs extracellular vesicles
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Different approaches to obtain bioinspired synthetic EVs. Strategies based on cell fragmentation, supramolecular chemistry and biohybrid EVs
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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