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. 2023 Mar 9;23(1):81.
doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02369-9.

Diagnostic accuracy of a set of clinical and radiological criteria for screening of COVID-19 using RT-PCR as the reference standard

Mirella Cristine Oliveira  1   2 , Karoleen Oswald Scharan  1 , Bruna Isadora Thomés  1 , Rafaella Stradiotto Bernardelli  1   3 , Fernanda Baeumle Reese  1   2 , Amanda Christina Kozesinski-Nakatani  1   4 , Cintia Cristina Martins  1   2 , Suzana Margareth Ajeje Lobo  5 , Álvaro Réa-Neto  6   7
Affiliations

Diagnostic accuracy of a set of clinical and radiological criteria for screening of COVID-19 using RT-PCR as the reference standard

Mirella Cristine Oliveira et al. BMC Pulm Med. .

Abstract

Background: The gold-standard method for establishing a microbiological diagnosis of COVID-19 is reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of a set of clinical-radiological criteria for COVID-19 screening in patients with severe acute respiratory failure (SARF) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the reference standard.

Methods: Diagnostic accuracy study including a historical cohort of 1009 patients consecutively admitted to ICUs across six hospitals in Curitiba (Brazil) from March to September, 2020. The sample was stratified into groups by the strength of suspicion for COVID-19 (strong versus weak) using parameters based on three clinical and radiological (chest computed tomography) criteria. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by RT-PCR (referent).

Results: With respect to RT-PCR, the proposed criteria had 98.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 97.5-99.5%) sensitivity, 70% (95% CI 65.8-74.2%) specificity, 85.5% (95% CI 83.4-87.7%) accuracy, PPV of 79.7% (95% CI 76.6-82.7%) and NPV of 97.6% (95% CI 95.9-99.2%). Similar performance was observed when evaluated in the subgroups of patients admitted with mild/moderate respiratory disfunction, and severe respiratory disfunction.

Conclusion: The proposed set of clinical-radiological criteria were accurate in identifying patients with strong versus weak suspicion for COVID-19 and had high sensitivity and considerable specificity with respect to RT-PCR. These criteria may be useful for screening COVID-19 in patients presenting with SARF.

Keywords: COVID-19 testing; Intensive care units; Mass screening; Sensitivity and specificity; Tomography.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart with the process of selection of the study sample. Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; CT, Computed tomography; RT-PCR, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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