Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tlcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tlcr-23-46/coif). In the last 3 years, MGZ has received consulting fees from Curis, Ikena, Takeda, GlaxoSmithKline, Aldeyra Therapeutics, and Novocure and honoraria from PER, Medscape, Research to Practice, Medical Learning Institute and OncLive. Memorial Sloan Kettering receives research funding from the Department of Defense, the National Institutes of Health, Precog, GlaxoSmithKline, Epizyme, Polaris, Sellas Life Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Millenium/Takeda, Curis, and Atara for research conducted by MGZ. MGZ serves as Chair of the Board of Directors of the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, uncompensated. PSA declares research funding from ATARA Biotherapeutics; Scientific Advisory Board Member and Consultant for ATARA Biotherapeutics, Bayer, Carisma Therapeutics, Imugene, ImmPactBio, Johnson & Johnson, Orion Pharma, Outpace Bio; Patents, royalties, and intellectual property on mesothelin-targeted CAR and other T-cell therapies, which have been licensed to ATARA Biotherapeutics, issued patent method for detection of cancer cells using virus, and pending patent applications on PD-1 dominant negative receptor, on a wireless pulse-oximetry device, and on an ex vivo malignant pleural effusion culture system. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has licensed intellectual property related to mesothelin-targeted CARs and T-cell therapies to ATARA Biotherapeutics and has associated financial interests. The other author has no conflicts of interest to declare.