Low serum albumin is associated with mortality and arterial and venous ischemic events in acutely ill medical patients. Results of a retrospective observational study

Abstract

Background: In general population hypoalbuminemia is associated with poor survival. Aim of this study was to assess the impact of hypoalbuminemia on mortality and venous and arterial ischemic events in hospitalized acutely ill medical patients.

Patients and methods: Retrospective observational analysis from the "REgistro POliterapie SIMI" (REPOSI). Patients were followed up to 12 months. Serum albumin was obtained in each patient. Mortality and ischemic events were registered throughout the follow-up period.

Results: In the entire population including 4152 patients, median levels of serum albumin were 3.4 g/dL and 2193 patients (52.8 %) had levels ≤3.4 g/dL. Cases with albumin ≤3.4 g/dL were older, frailer, had more comorbidities and were most frequently underweight than those with serum albumin >3.4 g/dL. During the 12-month follow-up, all-cause mortality was 14.8 % (613 patients), with a higher rate in cases with serum albumin ≤3.4 g/dL (459, 20.9 % vs 154, 7.9 % in those with serum albumin >3.4 g/dL; p < 0.0001). During follow-up 121 ischemic events (2.9 %) were registered, 86 (71.1) arterial and 35 (28.9 %) venous. Proportional hazard analysis showed that patients with albumin ≤3.4 g/dL had a higher chance of dying. Furthermore, patients with albumin ≤3.4 g/dL had a higher likelihood of experiencing ischemic events.

Conclusions: Acutely ill hospitalized medical patients with serum levels ≤3.4 g/dL are at higher risk of all-cause mortality and ischemic events, measurement of albumin may help to identify hospitalized patients with a poorer prognosis.

Keywords: Albumin; Arterial thrombosis; Myocardial infarction; Venous thrombosis.